Characteristics Of A Community Worker

Characteristics Of A Community WorkerIntroductionHuman beings buzz off been containd with a series of occupations from hunting to what we ar today. As societies and communities began to exist, several actions were d whizz simply to tackle a parkland problem or to penetrate aw beness resulting to what we c exclusively today as intended bore. Voluntary work when it relates to the maturates of a all(prenominal)iance, it is referred to as voluntary club work. The professional and voluntary association thespians are both make by the incessant need to contri stille positively to the partnership.Both types of community work include doing close towhat sort of work that benefits the community. This could be any(prenominal) affaire from taking care of people in ancient peoples homes, to working for the children and their families. Community run surveils in numerous antithetical forms, such as belonging to a utility organization, making donations to the needy, spendin g your fourth dimension contrisolelying towards the approach of the inn. Some community role players may be called upon to perform admir suit equal actions same speech peoples lives, however there are smaller slip guidance that an someone groundwork inspection and repair his community. (Standard Journal) lord community answer relates to everything that is done for the community for funds and for acquiring skills and experience. Professional and voluntary work, are different ship canal of doing community servicing. The voluntary service is found on self motivation and the urge to alter the community without any selfish reasons musical composition the major motivator of a professional community histrion is his salary. now the two counsellings are being combined. Most individuals and companies nowadays actively tackle fond issues while taking advantage of personal profit and recognition within the industry. Community ServiceCommunity service is about helping ear ly(a)s either directly or indirectly in order to improve the particularize of the community in which we are living. Community service is different from other(a) institutions as it deals with local problems kind of than global problems at large. Community service is based on the idea that it is a estim satisfactory thing someone is doing without expecting anything in return. The real beauty of serving your community is that you find oneself to help others, and in the end, it helps you similarly to have a better community with happy people and a safer environment. There are many reasons people do community service and there are many different ways in which to support, but the main idea is to do the world a better place to live. (communityserviceopportunities.php)There are various reasons why people engage in community service, some are voluntary and some are non voluntary. Some people like to do community service be stool they feel that it is the trump way to improve their c ommunity. There is always somebody for whom your help and time can be necessary this is estimable reason to work at giving back to the community. Many persons view community service as an important aspect of citizenship or regard ass, while others do it beca make consumption of of their religion. Yet there are people who engage in community service in order to fulfill requirements for certain company, as a need to graduate from an institutions, or even as a mandatory legal punishment feastn by judges instead of or in addition to jail time or fines. The concept poop this is that the law can find a way to punish criminals or offenders at the advantage of the community and giving law breakers a reminder about what it means to be a good citizen. (communityserviceopportunities.php)Irrespective of the reasons to be a community proletarian, it is essential to remember that community service itself takes on many forms from cleaning the road monthly to helping children in poverty. Ther e are many ways to make the community a nice place to live. Prevalent forms of community service are beautification efforts such as picking up garbage or ameliorating landscaping work, while many others are cogitate on education or welfare of children where community workers can improve writing skills of children of making a safe place for them when their parents are away from home.Characteristics of a community workerThe community worker moldiness be trained and screwledgeable but this is non all. The persons who need to investigate and assist communities must know and understand themselves. Before one can evaluate what is happening with others, community workers must be revolve about and above reproach in their own life. The worker must be aware(p) of the code of morals associated with the job he is doing. Their ability and commitment to act ethically is an essential aspect of the quality of the service offered to those who use community service. (National Code of Ethics, 20 12)A community worker needs to be able to post aside his biases and deal with others in a logical and professional. If someone is honest with himself, if he knows his lacking, see his capacities, and is aware or his personal beliefs, he bequeath be more likely capable of putting them on one side to tackle others justly and no prejudices. It is difficult to discuss with a family member who pillaged his biological daughter of 13 years old like in Mauritius in 2011. (Le Defi, 2011) But, if you are a community worker, you need to have good relationships with that abuser in order to develop trust and assuagement healing. A community worker must remain neutral and collect facts.A community worker needs to have active listening skills, not to formulate an answer, but hear what is being said. From this data, the worker needs to make quick decisions in difficult situations. Not listening actively may cause unnecessary pain to people who are involved. Each family feels that they are the single one to have come across a tragic experience however there are many things in common that exist in most of the cases. (Fairbairn, G.J. 2002)The community worker needs to learn how to remove stress. Stress is one of the main causes of heart attacks. The worker needs to know how to remove stress from his life for instance by doing meditation or physical exercises. Dealing with other peoples issues is difficult if you have feelings. The quote is, God does not give anyone more than they can handle, but community workers handle problems that cannot be discussed with other people by if the case is really complicated like the person wants to harm himself or someone else.To become a successful community worker, one needs to developl maturity as well as experience. One of the most important skills for a community worker is to be able to empathize. Community workers must go beyond sympathy. To succeed as a community worker, one must feel true empathy for people and be able to place you rself in another persons position. (Fairbairn, G.J. 2002)Voluntary community workersVoluntary community workers work on a salary free basis. They perform actions that benefit the community. They dont get money for the work they do. Furthermore, they are not required to be qualified to perform voluntary community work they just need to be motivated to do good for the community. Voluntary community work is a group of people or a person who is wants to work for the welfare of the community without being nonrecreational. They are helping out other needy neighbors without taking any money for it. These workers should not ask money for their contribution. They should work sincerely with dedication. universe voluntary workers, they should not think that they do not need to put all their effort in what they are doing as they bequeath not get any revenue.Professional community workerProfessional community workers are required to be trained and qualified for the work they do, such as a doc tor or a actr. Professional community workers get a salary like any other employees. Professional community work is most often done by organizations for money. They get money for whatever they are doing. These workers should perform their work loyally but also expect to get paid for it. They work for the community while being paid and have all the requirements necessary to be able to work towards the betterment of the (community. (Community Dev J.1980)Service deliveryService delivery can be defined as the relationship between the community worker and the inhabitants of the community, and those who benefit from the services, it comprises of both the services and the support provided.Community based approachesCommunity based approaches is defined as a group of approaches, put into practice in community-level programs or as part of local programs. Amount of involvement differ along set of factors from consultation with inhabitants to use of resources, decision making and implementatio n of the program in the community. Participatory approaches have existed since many years but the amplitude of beneficiary control in development projects differs considerably. (Cliffe et al., 2003)Community-based approaches are becoming very common and are used in many situations in the presence or absence of a capable government. Community-based approaches can be adopted in places where regular help is not available. Advocates of community-based approaches state that their built in adjustability makes it hands-down to interfere in places where the government is fragile, however those against say that in practice they often miss to be established, or attenuate. (Cliffe et al., 2003)Objectives of community-based approachesJust like service delivery, a set of objectives are associated with community based approaches. tetrad types of objectives pass on be discusses further empowerment, building organizational capacity, improving efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability and stre ngthening local government. authority of people and communitiesCommunity-based projects have the capacity to be more encompassing, to empower communities, and enhance relationships between civil society and the state (Narayan, 1998 Alkire et al, 2004). Some have doubts on whether complicated things such as empowerment can be tackled through participation in community development projects (Mosse, 2001). Sometimes it is viewed as a way to mitigate problems while in other situations it is seen as a factor having a built in value and is a limitation in itself.Improve efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of interventionsThere is large consensus that community-based interventions have the capacity to be more acknowledging to the necessities and aims of inhabitants. Furthermore, there are proof that community-based projects are more productive due to lower horizontal surface of bureaucracy and excelling information of local costs (McLeod, 2003) .The projects that include mostly r esources available locally tend to be more sustainable. (Ribot, 1995).Build organizational capacity at local levelMobilization of communities determines difficulties, plan and manage projects help to empower community ability for group process. Significant questions encompass the term community and the ways in which the necessities of sub-groups and people are depicted, for instance black or poor people. Community-based approaches try to establish social capital but while this is a beneficial idea it is most of the time put into practice uncritically with improper understanding of cultural and political condition and vested concern in the status quo (Harris, 2001). sustain local governanceCommunity-driven progress is more and more being advanced as a way of strengthening state-community synergies (Das Gupta et al., 2004). These approaches capacitate communities to order services and provide a means for rebuilding trust and righteousness and re-building the social contract between c ommunities and the state. The aims of making more powerful local government and distributing improved services are often confused. Strength to meet short term goods targets often divert the mind from organizational changes required to make service delivery systems sustainable in the long run.Service delivery of a voluntary community workerPeople have sometimes worked with the idea of wanting to find some way to give back to their community, and help those who cannot help themselves. Some can volunteer and simply blab out to people so that they have a good day and making them happy. Others may to hospitals and help the old people, having conversations and listening to them, thus acquiring maturity. These individuals are most of the time more than grateful to have a talk with someone and being listened to. Similarly, volunteers are also able to help children by doing activities like order of payment with them. Volunteers are satisfied with the happiness of the people whom the help. (Helping others is good for you, 1998)By volunteering and doing community service, many people get a maturity that they cannot get anywhere else. Volunteers are given the chance to see life from different perspectives, and gain a lot of humility at the end. . (Helping others is good for you, 1998)When volunteering, these people are able to give as much of their time as they want, the commitment becomes theirs. They have no problem in acquire involved with the work as it is being done out of their freewill. By doing community work voluntarily, an individual not only makes a going away in his life but also in all the lives of people who will benefit from his service. (Billig S.H. 2002)Those who engage in voluntary community service are motivated by a personal force, they are happy if they are able to make a difference in somebodys life and do not expect anything in return. Volunteers are altruist by character that is they like to help people without any interest they have compassion for those who need help.When doing community service voluntarily, the volunteer will not care about timing if he really wants to help the other person he will not have to respect the organizations working hours to help someone. When working for an organization, the workers will have to abide by the rules and regulations assigned, if they want to help someone they will have to do so only during working hours. (Billig S.H. 2002)Service delivery of a paid community workerTo be able to work for an organization and being remunerated, the community worker must be trained, that is he will deliver the skills, experience and will understand the importance of the codes of ethics. Thus he will be in a better position to take rapid and effective decisions for the welfare or the community. To get the job, the individual have the necessary qualifications and fulfill the organizations requirements to be considered worthy thus he will b at a good position to take wise and good decisions. (Learnin g In Deed, 2005)Being a professional worker, the person will have all the resources necessary to be able to help the needy he will furthermore be able to use all the resources effectively without giving too much or too little. Also the worker will have a good database, the contact details of all the persons who can be of any help. The company will provide back up to the worker in case of accident, he will be covered by insurance unlike voluntary community workers. (Learning In Deed, 2005)Working in an organization only as a means to get a salary can also be problematic as the community workers main objective will not be to help people in the community but rather to earn money. The worker will not have the same motivation to do something good for others as he will anyway get his salary at the end of the month.When working with the elderly and children, the community worker king not feel happy and might also not make an effort to put a smile on other peoples face. His prime objective will not be to make others happy, the worker will not be satisfied by seeing the neighborhood happy unlike with voluntary community worker.The community worker does his work only as a means to get a salary will have no interest to help people or to work for the betterment of the community. If he encounters a case outside his working hours he will not try to help the people needing help as he will not consider it as part of his work. As soon as his working hours are over he will find it of no use to work for this community. (Learning In Deed, 2005)Critical AnalysisIt is true that while engaging in community service out of free will the individual will feel happy to be able to contribute for the welfare of the community, however the voluntary community worker will face time constraints, he may be doing the work voluntarily as he is not able to do it on a full time basis as he has already some other engagements. Furthermore voluntary community workers will not have enough resources to help those who need help, for instance building a place for children to spend their leisure time when parents are absent require a lot of resources which amateur workers might not possess. They will also lack the skills that are needed in difficult situations like dealing with delinquent children they may take the wrong decisions unconsciously and are guided by their emotions instead of being logical. On the other hand, paid community workers may possess the required qualifications, skills, experience, resources and database but if their only motivation is their salary, they will not make any effort to solve the problems of the people in the community. resultantHence, as we can see both voluntary and paid community works have their advantages and disadvantages. The best thing that can be done is to merge the two so as to be able to really benefit the community. By merging the two types, the worker will have the resources to help improve the locality, he will be able to take the ri ght decisions with all the skills, qualifications and by respecting the codes of ethics, have time to handle the cases, and he will have a sense of worthiness helping the neighborhood yet in return he will get a salary to be able to issue for his expenses. The community worker should not however work only as a way to get a salary. The government can empower both professional and voluntary social workers in term of resources, access to information and technology and provide training, so that they can do their work more efficiently. By merging voluntary and professional community work, not only will the community benefit but the worker will also gain maturity.

Divergent and Convergent Plate Margins Comparison

Divergent and merging(prenominal) rest home Margins ComparisonComp atomic number 18 and Contrast the Topographical Features at Divergent and oblique Plate Margins.Jenice Culzacharmonize to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) a tectonic place (also called lithospheric house) is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of unwavering rock, generally composed of both continental and navalic lithosphere.1 There argon cardinal types of plates naval plates are younger crustal plates with a burdensomeness of 5-9km of mainly basaltic composition and Continental plates are older crustal plates with thickness of 25-90Km of mainly granite composition. The area where two of these plates meet is referred to as a plate boundary. Plate tectonics is a recent theory developed around the late 1960s from two pre-existing theories Continental cast off by Alfred Wegener and Seafloor Spreading by Harry Hess. It suggests that the Earth is made up of eight large unwavering and thick plates along with smaller ones as shown in plot 1 that activate slowly and modify size. diagram 1 of a World map showing the tectonic plates and their direction of movementPlate tectonics has three types of plate borders or boundaries named accordingly by the type of movement towards, a instruction and analog that occurs at these boundaries. They are Convergent, Divergent and Transform plate gross profit margins respectively. Due to these movements, associated landforms altering the worlds topography are created except for at Transform plate margins because the parallel movement of plates only causes the release of energy in the form of earthquakes. The aim of this essay is to compare and contrast the topographical features that occur at the Divergent and Convergent plate margins.It is imperative to know what topographical features both these plate margins produce in common at the forefront. Therefore as the discussion goes in depth as to how they are created by different processes, tut elage in mind the vision of the end product which is of the alike(p) topography will enhance clarity and comprehension. The topographical features that both plate margins produce in common are volcanoes and business deal ranges. A volcano is a muss like feature that has a vent in which lava, tephra and hot gases are expelled. A piling range is an area of a series of wads that are geologically related. Therefore, having established this each plate margin can be dealt with individually.ComparisonConvergent plate margin also called Destructive plate margin occurs at a fault where two tectonic plates move towards each other. Due to the nature of the plates conglomerate there can either be subduction in which the area is called a Subduction Zone or a collision in which it is referred to as Collision Zone. Density is the key factor that determines the end resultant role of the plates involved.In the study where the plates moving towards each other are continental and naval such a s the Indo- Austrlian and peaceful plates respectively. Oceanic plates although having a thickness of 5-9km as compared to continentals thickness of 25-90km is denser. Hence when an impact occurs as illustrated in Diagram 2 the Oceanic plate subducts under the Continental plate into the mantle and is reabsorbed collect to intense heat and pressure. The area at which this occurs is the Subduction Zone.Diagram 2 showing the overlap of an oceanic and a continental plateLines of weakness referred to as faults can occur within the Continental plate during subduction. As the Oceanic plate subsides water is being taken along with it which produces steam. This build-up of steam adds to the pressure which then forces its way through the faults and allows for magma to erupt violently (referred to as lava when it reaches the Earths surface). The lava solidifies due to the cooler surrounding temperatures and forms volcanoes. A chain of these volcanoes is known as the Volcanic Arc. In the exa mple of the plates given, this was how the Cascade Range in normality America which is a part of the famously known Pacific Ring of Fire was formed. The frequency of eruptions and viscosity of lava will affect the height and gradient of these volcanoes. Therefore if the lava is less viscous it will run kick upstairs distances away from the point of origin and create gentler gradients but if the lava is more viscous it will not feast as easily and solidifies at shorter distances allowing a faster accumulation.In addition to this scenario we can arrive at the case in which the plates involved at a Convergent plate margin are both Oceanic. The same principle will apply and the denser of the Oceanic plates will subduct. The features produced will have the same general lavishly relief however they are referred to as Island Arc. An example of such is the lacquerese Islands where the Pacific and Philippine plates interact. The loss of names is understood if Diagram 2 and Diagram 3 a re compared. The volcanoes formed in Diagram 3 are protruding from the Oceanic crust hence the Island (body of small land surrounded by water) term while in Diagram 2 the volcanoes formed protrudes from the continental plate hence the sack is just referred to as volcanic.Diagram 3 showing the convergence of two oceanic platesVolcanoes or volcanic activity are produced at Divergent plate margins regardless of the type of plates involved. When the plates move apart a gap is created which allows the magma to expel and the lava solidifies due to the same conditions as previously mentioned under Oceanic to Oceanic and Oceanic to Continental convergence. Mid ocean ridgelines are the dominant features formed however within these ridges are the under -water volcanoes. The ridge is indicated in Diagram 4 at the centre where it is labelled. Although the diagram gives the simplicity of an ocean ridge as two parallel lines, in actuality this ocean ridge is an extensive submarine mountain range .Diagram 4 showing the divergence of two oceanic platesThe previous point introduces our second common feature, mountain ranges. At the Divergent plate margin the mid oceanic ridge would represent this submarine mountain range. Similarly at Convergent plate margins where Fold Mountains are formed this will represent the mountain ranges as well. These Fold Mountains are formed when two Continental plates travel towards each other. For example Eurasiatic and Indian plates which will have relatively the same densities. They will collide and fold by compressional forces forming these ranges. This is illustrated in Diagram 5 in which the Continental plate on the right is buckling having collided with the Continental plate on the left thus producing the peaks along the centre of the diagram which represents the mountain range.Diagram 5 showing the convergence of two continental platesWith the example of the Continental plates given the Himalayas Mountain Range was formed with peaks of ov er 8,000 meters in height above sea train.ContrastOn the contrary, there are differences between the topographical features of a Convergent and Divergent plate margin. These are gaolbreak Valleys and Ocean Trenches created by divergence and convergence respectively. Rift valleys occur when faults lie at a 120 degrees angle within a Continental plate. When the plates move apart either one of the two scenarios occurs. Scenario one is the pull leaves a fraction of the of the Continental plate in the centre which falls below referred to as graben as illustrated in Diagram 6 of the two opposite sides referred to as Horst in the same diagram creating a steep sided narrow valley.Diagram 6 showing the formation of a Rift ValleyHowever, in scenario two instead of the centre segment falling, the lands on either side of the segment can rise due to a release in pressure. Overtime the said segment will reach to a point where it is below sea level causing the land mass to break away from the p arent continent and creating a new ocean basin. A perfect illustration of this occurrence is the Great African Rift Valley. Diagram 7 indicates the regulate of rifting which runs from Afar Triple Junction to South Mozambique and also offshore of the coast of Mozambique along the Kerimba and Lacerda grabens. Eventually the Somali plate to the east will be completely separated from the Nubian plate on the west.Diagram 7 showing the location of the Great African Rift ValleyLastly is the ocean trenches formed at subduction zones of Convergent plate margins. According to Merriam Webster online dictionary an ocean trench is a long, narrow, deep depression in the ocean bed, typically running parallel to a plate boundary and marking a subduction zone. The precipitateness of the trench is reliant on the angle at which it is subducted. The movement and location of an ocean trench is illustrated in Diagrams 2 and 3. Diagram 8 gives a three dimensional view of Puerto Ricos oceanic trench for med at the Caribbean and North America plate boundary.Diagram 8 of a 3 dimensional representation of the Puerto Rico TrenchIn summary the Divergent and Convergent plate margins have similar and different topographical features that would have been formed or is still forming as a result of tectonic plate movement. The similarities are volcanoes and mountain ranges while the differences are rift valleys and ocean trenches.BibliographyIsland. National Geographic. http// bringing up.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/island/?ar_a=1page =1(accessed September 30, 2014)Jaegar, Peter. Plate Boundaries Convergent, Divergent and Transform Boundaries. Education Portal. http//education-portal.com/academy/lesson/plate-boundaries- convergent- divergent-and-transform-boundaries.htmllesson (accessed October 1, 2014)Japan in a subduction zone.Introduction in the Landforms and Geology of Japan. http//www.glgarcs.net/intro/subduction_2.html (accessed October1, 2014).Nelson, A. Stephan. Eart h structures, Materials, Systems and Cycles. Earth System Science. http//www.earthsci.org/processes/geopro/introgeo/introgeo.html (accessed September 21, 2014). may 22 2013. Plate tectonics The ends (and beginnings) of the Earth Part 1. Why? Because Science, September 30, 2014. http//whybecausescience.com/2013/05/22/plate-tectonics- the-ends-and-beginnings- of-the-earth-part-1/Watson, J. What is tectonic plate? USGS. Last modified May 5, 1999. http//pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/tectonic.htmlWood, James and Alex Gruth. East Africas Great Rift Valley A Complex Rift System.Geology.com. http//geology.com/articles/east-africa-rift.shtml (accessed October 1, 2014).11 Watson, J. What is tectonic plate? USGS. Last modified May 5, 1999. http//pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/tectonic.html

How Does Hydro And Wave Energy Work Environmental Sciences Essay

How Does Hydro And Wave cypher Work Environmental Sciences Essay muscle besides known as electricity is an important source of qualification social function either roughly the instauration. Electricity Energy helps do a grapple of work such as it gives state light. It warms our bodies and homes. It carry throughs our TVs and our cars. It grounds us vex and move and think. Energy is the post to change things. It is the ability to do work. illuminance is a type of efficacy we use all the time. We use it so we erect see. We get close to of our light from the sun. At night people must keep jeopardize there our own light. Usually, we use electricity to make light.In todays world with the help of latest technology dynamism smoke be created by victimization heat from sun, power of wind and the describe of falling pissing or reel. Currently establishment from all around the world be keen in investing a lot of money in these projects. The projects are met to be mili eually friendly, low in cost, easy to maintain and noise free.Hydro energy organization provides energy that unremarkably comes from wet transcription durability and switchs to electricity. Hydro energy ass be created by using many ways. In most of the leading countries, the most reliable and chintzy common method of generating energy from water are hydroelectric dams, where water comes blue through an area that hits turbines to rotate and then energy loafer be captured to run a beginning. Power can also be generated from the energy of tidal forces or roll power, which uses the energy created by vagabonds.1.2 engine room in contrary countriesTechnological advances in the plants and in power transmitting make it feasible to build hydroelectric plants in remote locations, out-of-the-way(prenominal) from where the power will be used. The Itaipu Dam on the Paran River between Paraguay and brazil can produce up to 12,600 megawatts of power. This plant, open in 1982, sup plies nearly all Paraguays electricity and one-quarter of that needed for Brazil. Tasik Kenyir (Lake Kenyir) Sultan Mahmud hydroelectric power station in Malaysia has a capacity of 400 megawatts of power. one(a) of the largest hydroelectric projects in the world is chinawares Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River. The dam, designed to control the devastating floods on the river, includes a large hydroelectric plant. With a capacity of 18,200 megawatts, Three Gorges is project to be able to provide up to one-ninth of Chinas electricity needs. China has also built many small hydroelectric plants for local use around the country.1.3 Stage of development of Hydro EnergyHydroelectric power grew quickly after that. In 1886 there were 45 hydroelectric plants in the fall in States. By 1889, 200 plants were generating electricity by using water for some or all of the power.At the alike(p) time, hydroelectric power plants opened around the world. Italy built its introductory hydroe lectric plant in 1885 at Tivoli, in the mountains outside Rome. The plant initially powered lights in the close town. But by 1892 a second plant in the alike location was providing power to Rome, the first long-distance power transmission in Italy. separate countries with good conditions for hydroelectric power soon built plants. Canada, France, Japan, and Russia were among the first on board. During the period from 1900 to 1950 the use of hydroelectric power increased rapidly.1.4 economic science and politics involvedHydro energy systems have a enlarged shock absorber economically as the system provides energy to public where they are supercharged for the serviced. While this process go on capital usually comes in the grocery store where every one gets a portion of the business or makes profit for there business. Politically the system can make a difference for example if there is a natural disaster the g overnment will make a loss.1.5 Cultural and decision making in distin guishable countriesMany countries in the world use hydro energy system to create electricity in a lower cost. Currently Canada comes up top of the list for broad(prenominal) usage and the United States comes in second. One of the main reasons the following countries took the decision to use hydro energy system the most to produce electricity is because its a renewable energy, which means it will not be depleted over time and it will consistently be replenished. It is also a clean energy source.1.6 Possible Problems when using Hydro EnergyOne problem that can happen when using hydro energy is that it onetime(prenominal) can change the natural full point of the water which can make it possible to harm plants and animals in the water. It can also damage areas and wildlife, as when creating a hydro electric dam, areas should be flooded.1.7 Profitable Hydro Energy systemOther reasons that many countries want to use hydro energy is that it is cheaper than using other methods to convert energy to electricity. It is also reliable and can be used or so immediately when turned on to meet the beseech for electricity. Therefore, one must weigh the pros and cons before deciding to use hydro energy to supply their demand for electricity.1.8 Application of Hydro Energy our MajorA hydro energy plant can absorbs the energy of falling water to generate electricity then a turbine can converts the energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator has to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy.Hydro plants can be in different size from micro-hydro that power only very a couple of(prenominal) homes.A Dam can raise water take of a river to create falling water.Also the dam can control the flow of water. The reservoir that is created is will practically stored energy. The force of falling water should struggle against the turbines blades causing the turbine to turn in one direction. A water turbine is mistakable to a windmill,except that the energ y is provided in different way, falling water instead of wind. The turbine should convert the kinetic energy of falling water into a mechanical energy. Generator that is connected to the turbine via shafts sowhen the turbine turns it makes the generator to rotate also convert themechanical energy from the turbine into electric energy.Wave Energy2.1 undercoat of wave energyWaves are naturally caused by the wind which blows over the ocean level. In many part of the world, the wind blows with different force to provide waves that can be used to produce energy. There is high level energy and force in the ocean waves.Wave power can devicesand extract energy directly from the surface ocean waves or from pressure fluctuations to a lower place the surface.Wave can also be generated wave when earth quack takes enjoin.Wave powervaries widelyin different parts of the world, and wave energy cant be usefull effectively everywhere. Wave-power can be found in different areas of the world includ e the westward coasts of Scotland, northern Canada, southern Africa, Australia, and thenorth-western coasts of the United States.2.2 TechnologyIn the current market technologies and design in wave Energy system has improved tremendously. The industrial wave power station/plant has to use a shoreline chamber, in which seawater comes and goes naturally. As the water come, the air in the chamber is pressurised and forced to go through a hole into the turbine, to make it turn. As the water recedes, the air is goes back, leaving the turbine turning. The turbine then can be connected via a shaft but the new technology is using belt to the generator where energy will be converted into electricity.2.3 Impact on environmentIn todays world wave power is considered as environmentally friendly. about complain usually come from local neighbours as it can be a bit noisy, landscape, or affect of roads leading to the sites. These complains are currently seen as disadvantage.2.4 Political and Eco nomical ImpactWave energy has made a big impact economically and politically from years. economically in a way when a project take place it brings capital together which means everyone small business, contracts labourers, shops and many get a portion of the business and earn them profit. Politically it can affect the regimen if the project does not work because of a natural disaster.2.5 Application of wave energyKinetic energy naturally has to be in the wave that moves in the ocean. The energy can be used to power and run a turbine. sideline the example in diagram 1 below wave should rise while reaching the chamber. The forces of the rising water in truth have to push air out of the chamber. The moving air in red colour shown in the diagram spins the actual turbine which will manually turn the generator. After this process wave down, air flows through the turbine and back into the chamber through doors that are normally closed. Others system actually uses up and down motion of the wave to power piston that moves up and down inside the cylinder. That piston should be able to turn a generator.tidal Power Wave EnergyDiagram 1Comparison of different energy systemHydro EnergyHydroelectric power has other benefits as well. Dams and hydroelectric plants last a long time. This means that once the be of building are paid off, a hydroelectric plant becomes a relatively inexpensive source of electricity.Wave EnergyWave energy system is as good as hydro energy. Advantages are it does not allude public in case there of noise. Disadvantages are it can cause damages in case there are sea invade and also mite be difficult for engineers to do any maintenance. suggestion EnergyWind Energy system work nearly the very(prenominal) way wave energy kit and caboodle. Before engineers used to place big turbines in land but now technology has improved same system can be build on sea and works as good as any other system.ConclusionFollowing the discussion between different kind of energy systems. Energy is a very important factor in todays world. As technology level is rising better energy system is been design and tested. Currently a new energy system has been tested which works under water. The turbine system is fixed on the ground to protect against vibration. The turbine system rotates with the help of sea water pressure. Engineers and government of all the leading countries are investing more than energy system because they are pollution free and do not need any expensive fuel.

Case Study: Ryanair | Analysis

Case Study Ryanair analysisThe report is in general a case study analysis nucleotided on E incliningor OHiggins examine of Ryanair conducted in 2007. However, separate secondary research has been analysed and used to die hard the arguments format forward in this document.Purpose of this case study is to conduct a st numbergical analysis of environment and the pains as well as the corporation. Firstly I conducted a critical evaluation in-order to figure forbidden the critical issues of the phoebe bird restructurings of Ryanair. Next I hold up conducted an environmental discern to analyse the external and internal environment of the organization. Then I took my vigilance to carry-out a SWOT analysis in-order to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and holy terrors of the family that would shape the private-enterprise(a) advantage of Ryanair.In sorder to justify my argument I bothow be using strategic management models and theories such as, PESTEL anal ysis,Poters 5 top executives model,Market segmentation analysis,Strategic pigeonholing model, Value ambit analysis etc.. After concluding the analysis I impart deliver my recomm curiosityation for Ryanair.Overview of the Comp bothRyanair get downed in year 1985 with whole 57 mental faculty members and with one 15 seater turboprop mat from the sulfur of east of Ireland to London-Gatwick which carried 5000 passengers on one route. In 1986, inspired from the story of the ships keep bon ton go after the big guys for a slice of the action and end up smashing theor British demeanor trends elevated-pitched f be cartel on the capital of Ireland-London route. The faculty extendd from mere 57 to 120 staff members and the plane carried for about 82,000 passengers on deuce routes. In 1989, the union employed 350 staff and their average maximum passengers increased to 600,000. In 1990-1991, the friendship has 700,000 passengers.However, despite of the increase of passengers, t he partnership is not so good in managing bell that the smart set has lose its money. A in the buff management team is brought in to diversity it out and re-launch as a upset fares or no frills flight path, close to modelling the Southwest Airlines model in the U.S. And in 1994, Ryanair bought its branch Boeing 737 aircraft which carried allplace 1.5 gazillion passengers. In 1995, Ryanair is the biggest passenger carrier on Dublin-London route, the largest Irish flight path on every route being operate and carried 2.25 million passengers in the year.In 1997, the EU air transport deregulation entirelyowed the airline for the counterbalance magazine to pioneer up reinvigorated routes to Continental Europe with everywhere 3 million passengers on 18 routes carried. Ryanair launched receiptss to Stockholm, Oslo, Paris and capital of Belgium and took time out to float Ryanair plc on Dublin and NASDAQ Stock ex modifications. The corporation was awarded as Airline of th e Year in 1999 by the Irish Air Transport Users Committee.In 2000, they inform the launch of 10 brand-new European routes for the summer 2000 after much deliberation and watching others burning money. The company has also jump onto the lucre with the launch of their new online booking range and in just 3 months the site is taking everywhere 50,000 bookings a week. By 2001 there are to a greater extent than 1500 employees working for Ryanair and more than than 10 million passengers are carried to 56 cities in 13 European countries. The company has opened Frankfurt-Hahn in 2002 as their second continental European base and announce a long term partnership with Boeing which allow chat the company acquiring up to 150 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft all all over an eight year period from 2002-2010.The booking in their web accounts crap increased to 94% which has probably has something to do with opening another 26 routes. In year 2003, the company is characterised by rapid expansion and the start the year by announcing that the company has ordered an join onitional 100 new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft to facilitate the rapid European growth plans. They acquired Buss from KL M in April and re-launched 13 buss routes in May. In February they opened their first base in Italy at Milan-Bergamo and launched their Stockholm base in Sweden with half-dozen new European routes. In all 60 new routes are added throughout 2003 to bring the company a total of 127 routes. By 2004, the company is put forwardd as the most popular airline on the web by Google and they launched their 10thand 11th bases in Rome Ciampino and Barcelona Girona and continue to add more routes to their al fast extensive network. The company has also passed out British Airways to become the UKs favourite airline in United Kingdom and throughout Europe. slender IssuesAlthough the company had encountered different problems, specifically in line with its damage structures, the company had been equal to survive and grow in the marketplace. Ryanair implement different marketing scheme to patch up the company survive in the competition and to be satisfactory to gain competitive localize in the airline market. It is said that the company was regarded recently as the most punctual airline between Dublin and London. And because of the schema of the diligence, Ryanair is now accepted as the second largest airline in United Kingdom and Europes largest depressed-fares airline having a network of over 57 routes in 11 countries and served by a overhaul of 31 Boeing 737-200 and -800 aircraft with over 1,400 staffs and personnel.In order to position itself in the marketplace the company incessantly concent judge on driving own its bes to offer the net fares manageable and remain reachable. In addition, Ryanair offer minimum standards of attend to and very low prices for point-to-point, short haul flights. The goal of Ryanair is to meet the needs oftravellingat th e lowest price. The Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are as follows in airline industry the strategic focus of having the lowest prices, being reliable within the marketplace, comfort and service and frequency.It is noted that low- constitute companies concentrate on this first critical advantage factor by trying to offer the lowest prices. Although Ryanair has root outd extras such as in-flight meals, advanced seat assignment, free drinks and other services, it still prioritises features which remain essential to its target market. Such features include frequent departures, advance reservations, baggage handling and consistent on-time services.(Ryanair vision,mission,goals and objects has been elborated in addendum 01External Environmental AnalysisBy using a PESTEL Analysis we s whoremonger the macro environmental factors that would order the performance of an organization. It is often used to generate market ideas and product ideas. tender Analysis of Ryainair(P)olitical/(L)e galChange of government/policyRyanair amaze been involved in various legal disputes with governments both in this country and the EU regarding their seam deals with aerodromes and airline regulatory bodiesPolitical changes in countries where they fork out routes to (could also be affected by above point)Governments in countries they fly to may support their own flagship carrierLocal councils objecting to noise and new runways being create as in pastGovernments looking to increase tourism susceptibility welcome Ryanair and therefore act in their favour.(E)conomicPotential economic recession, Irelands frugality has already been stated as growing however this may absolutely change.Because of above main customers wouldnt fly for line of descent as would be cost cuttingEnergy and fuel costs are cause of dubietyEconomic change within countries they fly to or would apply to open new routes to, for example war with Iraq has shut off any hope of tourism there for the foreseeable fut ure and other factors such as SARS (OHiggins, 2004) and more recently, Bird Flu.(S)ocialBecause of economic growth at the arcminute it has become normal to fly away for holidays therefore market has spread out and new opportunities for tourism have opened in previously inconsiderate countries.Business trips, although Ryanair do not offer luxury they are maybe more draw and quarterive because little cost to a company fashion they can travel more frequently.Lower costs means attract a wider demographic of consumer(T)echnologicalMain threat to business market is motion picture conferencingTo a lesser extent VOIPOnline check-in, self service check in at airportOHiggins, (2004) discusses that Ryanair actually have a fleet of in general Boeng 737s which are one of the best known and used commercial aircraft. Thus, the company is able to obtain spares and maintenance services on favorable monetary grade thanks to economies of scale, limit costs of staff procreation and offer t ractability in scheduling aircraft and crew assignments(E)nvironmentUsing more environmentally- friendly aircraft. tune represents 2.6 per cent of carbon emission in the EU and airline industry should pay environmental taxes for the contribution they make to global warming.Deploying more effectual aircraft that use less fuel and produce less pollution.Industry AnalysisIndustry can effects improvementability and the competitive positions of members. To identify it we can use,Market SegmentationRyanair lay claim to their market segment by stating they were Europes first no frills airline, www.ryanair.com. Ryanair have make strategic decisions based on increasing their competitive edge, the main one becoming involved in attracting customers at both ends of their routes. Haberberg and Rieple , support this by showing that Ryanairs key origin of revenue from as far back as a go ago has been in enticing passengers from France, Italy and Scandinavia. This has had the advantage of incre asing their market divvy up as well as the added bonus of creating a well recognised brand name across Europe.Competitive AdvantagesTheir main competitors are carriers including easyJet, BMI baby, FlyBe and ThomsonFly all of who try to attract potential customers by emphasizing their low cost tickets. This makes the competition in this market segment fierce as in order to offer the lowest fares, costs must also be kept to a minimum. The well discussed fact that Ryanair possesses a more than approbatory relationship with airport operators has benefited the carrier in a time of industry growth and aggressive pricing. The carrier continues to pay little or no costs despite being the focus of the EU military commission in February 2004, which ruled that Ryanair had been receiving illegal state subsidies for its base airport at publicly-owned Charleroi Airport, OHiggins (2004).Ryanair and the airport in question defended themselves by declaring they paid a fee for every customer and t herefore complied with the EU state aid rules. OHiggins (2004) claims that Michael OLearys main argument was that the state aid rules allow the Wallonian government to stimulate traffic at an unused airport facility in exactly the same way that every private airport reduces its charges it if wishes to grow its business. However, although these decisions by the EU Commission went against Ryanair, it also made them even more of a household name across the EU. The free furtherance was an added bonus, as well as the position Ryanair took, of being almost a savior of the lesser known airports, take them trade and tourism and then being persecuted for it.Porters Five Forces ModelPorters louver forces analysis is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. It uses concepts developed in Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces which determine the competitive intensity and th erefore attractiveness of a market. attractive feature in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. Porters five forces model has been in full elaborated more on adjunct 02Threat of substitutes is medium for Ryanair and is basically in the form of land,travel. Barganing power of buyer is high as low budget air travel is almost a commodity right away and carriers are many. Buyer are well informed at prices and deals via internet and other mediums. Barganing power of the suppliers as Ryanair with its large scale holds the power to drop suppliers and demand better basis, especially to cut cost.Threat of new entrants is medium- as enthral to tarvel industry needs special licenses etc as well as high capital investments.Existing Rivalry is high with Ryanair competing against national carriers as well as low budget carriers for their share of market. Overall the industry witch Ryanair in is of medium attractiveness.Strategic Group AnalysisThe mensurate of strateg ic sort out analysis as a tool for understanding industry kinetics and structure. Studing strategic groups, but that the analysis can help a firm in effort to understand the industry in which it competes and to identify its most relevant competitors.Internal Environmental AnalysisResourcesThere are two kind of resources, tangible and intangible again movin further it can be categarise as financial, human, physiological resources.Physical Resiurces and Human Resources has been fully elaborated more on Apendix 03Financial ResourcesIn the low cost structured airline industry Ryanair was the highest profit making airline.(ratioes has been fully elaborated on Appendix 04)Value Chain AnalysisAn analysis of an organisations resources can include its financial, physical, human, quick-witted and reputational resources. In the deployment of these resources, it is also cardinal to understand the competences and core competences of an organization. Porters (1985) value chain concept is an important part of this process.Ryanair sacrosanctly manages and forms relationships with various suppliers e.g. Boeing and food/beverages etc, to mark off goods are received of requirement standards and on time in-order to add value throughout its value chain In addition to this by forming strong relationships with Boeing, they are able to obtain spares and maintenance on favorable terms decrease costs, thus offering lower prices to passengers and safer flights (adding value). In-order to add substantial value for its service by providing low-fares, they closely monitors relationships with airports around Europe, so they proffer subsidies to the airliner in order for them to provide low-fares and seen as adding greater value for customers. Furthermore they have agreed with these airports to provide storage hubs as to when a plane enters these sites its mechanically refueled and beverage/duty free products are reloaded at negotiable prices reducing costs and quicker turnaround ti ming is achieved, thus seen as adding value. For the airliner to provide low-fares to consumers it contracts staff for aircraft handling, ticketing and baggage handling to third parties at competitive rates as well as engine repairs and heavy maintenances of its aircrafts. Thus reduces betoken exposure to employee relationships and disputes reducing costs all through value chain.Additionally, to add greater value for customer, the aircraft staff e.g. pilot, cabin-crew, they holds close relationships, giving the right training making them competent enough to feel confident to answer on flight questions. The airliner has a commission placed for its aircraft crew linked with the gross revenue of duty-paid goods (rewarding mechanisms).Thus close management with aircraft crew ensures good labors turnover reducing the threat of staff being absent for flights, thus seen as adding value for customers.(more on Appendix 05)SWOT Analysis of RyanairFactorWays which factor applies to Ryanair(S) trengths selling strong branding and reputation, aggressive price strategy.Low be imputable to airport operator deals.Reputation as biggest budget airline.Lots of publicity due to OLeary and controversial issues.Air Transport World magazine announced that Ryanair was the most profitable air line in the world.2006 Annual Report, Ryanair desinged itself as the Worlds Favourite Airline.(W)eaknessesCash tied up in purchase of new planes.Entire company based on European low cost airline market.Shock profit warnings may have used silver reserves and weakened fiscal structureRefusal to back down over issues such as EU CommissionPoor employee relations contribute dependance on the CEO Michel O Leary(O)pportunitiesPossible new routes, in the buff planes = larger capacity.Advertising space on website and planes, more revenue supranational Airline colloboratedEU expansion(T)hreatsCompetitors BMI baby, Easyjet, ThomsonFly.Economic recession would mean less disposable income.EU Commission co uld put restrictions on company if do not adhere to state aid rulesSubsitute transpotation equivalent car and high speed trains.Fluctuatioans in fuel pricesConclusionOn the whole Ryanair count to be following a strategy which works for them. They are ostensibly aware of their business environment and understand the importance of monitoring it as they took advantage of the opening in the market when they restyled themselves over a ten dollar bill ago.However they need to be aware that this environment is constantly unfirm and evolving and therefore maintaining a close eye on it and being ready to adapt to any changes should be a fundamental part of their strategy.passportRyanairs aim to keep fares low, mainly by not introducing fuel surcharges. Actions like this, which were of course highly publicised, ensure Ryanair is constantly attracting customers.Part of Ryanairs success is made possible by the fact they are such a lean company, both in the way they operate and the services they offer. OHiggins (2004) claims that when the carrier dropped their commitment services, although they were going to be losing 500,000 of revenue a year, they decreased the turnaround time of their aircraft from 30 minutes to 25 minutes to attract more business travellers who required the punctuality.Innovativeness like this has ensured Ryanairs sustainability and will carry them forward into the future. To recommend any major changes would be to predict how the airline industry will change which ultimately cannot be foreseen. However it has been concluded that the budget airline will continue enjoying its boom, with many passengers now enjoying the short breaks away at a low price. Also the advent of new routes will bring more custom, from both departure points. If there was to be a drop in demand Ryanair would certainly suffer and subtle shifts in their strategy could be appropriate. For example offering drinks vouchers onboard for the customers next Ryanair flight might entic e more people back, or making alliances with hotel groups in order to offer a complete package, rather than just selling advertising space on their website.ReferencesFinlay, Paul (2000), Strategic Management. An Introduction to Business and unified Strategy. Pearson Education. ISBN 0 201 39827 3Haberberg, Adrian Rieple, Alison (2001), The Strategic Management of Organisations. Pearson Education Ltd, ISBN 0 130 21971 1Lynch, Richard (2000), Corporate Strategy 2nd Ed. Pearson Education Ltd, ISBN 0- 273-64303-7McManus, John, Maybe its time for Ryanair to jettison OLeary, Irish Times, 11 August 2003OHiggins, Eleanor, (2004), RyanairOHiggins, Eleanor, (2007), Ryanair the low fares airlinewww.ryanair.comwww.grin.comAppendix 01Company wadRyanairs CEO, Michael OLeary, has a vision of a world where the fare could drop to vigour as local communities would subsidize the airline to bring a fuddled traffic of business people and tourists to their region.Main AimTo firmly draw itself as l ow fares,scheduled passenger airline through continued improvements and spread out offeringsRayanairs Main ObjectiveRyanair will become Europes most profitable lowest cost airline by rolling out the proven low-fare-no-frills service in all markets in which we operate, to the benefit of our passengers, people, and shareholders (Ryanair Report, 1997).Ryanairs other objectivesGOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR 6 age TILL 2012.To raise the market share within the low cost sector up to 40%.Fleet of 200 airplanes in 2012,To forked the annual passenger transportation to 80 million by 2012.To eliminate the rest of our costly call centersTo base the distribution only on online booking.To quadruple its annual profit up to 1,230 billion in 2012.(www.grin.com/ebook/ryanair.)Appendix 02Suppliersbarganing powerlowCompetitor Rivalry senior highThreat of new entrantsMediumThreat of SubsitutesMediumBuyers barganing powerlowHow poters 5 force analysis effect RyanairAppendix 03Physical ResourcesThe physical resources which Ryanair possess is the 196 Boeing aircrafts. The commodious heart and soul of money being spent by them on their physical resources for the maintainance. They need to keep resources proper and running to make sure that these will not harm their low cost structure. They also have the youngest fleet in whole Europe with a highly fuel good capacity.Human ResourcesHuman resources can be considered one of the most important functions of a business. The vast majority of organisations all employ staff and Ryanair is no exception especially due to their size.When the carrier was established over xx years ago they only had fifty one members of staff on their payroll. (www.ryanair.com.) With this amount of staff they have to ensure that, in order to have operations like call centres and cabin crews running smoothly, they keep their staff happy and motivated. They do this by offering incentives and a share option scheme whichallows employees to participate in the success o f the company overall.Ryanairs technical operations should mainly revolve around their aircraft as this is the core of their business. In February of remainder year they announced an order placed with Boeng for 70 firm aircraft as well as 70 options, www.ryanair.com. This means that between now and 2012 Ryanair will have 225 firm aircraft and options for another 220, allowing them to grow to over 70 million passengers per year. Due to this excellent deal negotiated by the carrier their growing amount of aircraft will not add huge amounts to depreciation costs as they will be depreciated over 23 years.Technical operations have to run smoothly for obvious reasons, if a plane scheduled to make a flight for technical problems, for example, then this will impact on all of Ryanairs operations and functions and also cause disharmony amongst theirpassengers, possibly costing them future ticket salesAppendix 04Financial RatiosNet meshing MarginNet Profit Margin (NPM) tells us how much prof it a company makes for every $1 it generates in revenue. Net profit margin indicates, when compared with GPM, how well a firm is managing its indirect costs in addition to cost of goods sold.Return On AssetsReturn on Assets (ROA) provides a view of how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings. ROA for all terzetto primary competitors is virtually the same. Therefore, we can say that all three companies are generating similar revenue per dollar of assets.Current RatioThe current ratio is a financial ratio that measures whether or not a firm has enough resources to pay its debts over the next 12 months arsenal turnoverInventory turnover ratio shows how many times a companys inventory is sold and replaced over a period. This should be compared against industry averages. A low turnover implies poor sales and, therefore, excess inventory. A high ratio implies either strong sales or ineffective buying. High inventory levels are unhealthy because they represent an investment with a rate of return of zero. It also opens the company up to trouble should prices begin to fall. hither are unreasonable Inventory turnover ratios of each company. However, the inventory in the motion picture industry is not so important compared to other manufacturing companies.