Team Creation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group Creation Paper - Essay Example Inability to set up these two significant segments that ought to portray the characteristics of the colleagues will liable to affect adversely on the task. Another thought when choosing colleagues is the part of accessibility. This involves individuals who are adaptable and focused on the extend and can be promptly accessible are given inclination than chancers. Another thought in choosing the colleagues is that they ought to have something to add to the general undertaking. Colleagues are chosen based on the information and aptitudes they have about that specific venture. In a similar vein, these individuals should demonstrate an ability to coexist with the other colleagues towards the accomplishment of the objectives of the undertaking. Another methodology that can be utilized to choose venture colleagues is through the foundation of the members’ eagerness to comply with the standards and the parameters of the undertaking. The individuals who are not set up to learn or share their thoughts may not be fit to be chosen as colleagues. b. A portion of the group building techniques will be plot in detail underneath. Above all else, an errand breakdown is the establishment for group building which encourages the venture supervisor to allot the opportune individuals to the correct undertaking assignments (Morris 2008). This establishment phase of group building is worried about setting the vision, objectives and goals of the group. This methodology is significant in group working in that it obviously spells the heading whereupon all the individuals from the group ought to follow towards the achievement of the venture objectives set. The other technique in group building includes explaining the jobs of the colleagues. This limits clashes and misconstruing as every single individual from the group will know about the job desire in the undertaking. The other procedure of group building is focused on setting up bunch standards that will shape the lead of all the colleagues. Deciding the undertaking forms is another key factor in building a task group which will advance group cohesiveness. Elements identified with the group, for example, issues identified with collaboration of the colleagues, correspondence, dynamic procedure also gauges for compromise are a portion of the systems that can be thought about when assembling a task group. These variables assume a significant job as they are intended to guarantee that the objectives of the group are unmistakably spelled just as endeavoring to limit the odds of contentions in the group. c. Inside a different task group, potential territories of contention might be an aftereffect of negative conduct among individuals from the group where the individuals may differ with each other or the bearing of the group (Kerzner 2006). The significant reason for struggle in a group is the part of decent variety which incorporates such factors as age, culture, sexual orientation and work esteems. In certain cas es, senior workers may endeavor to defiant their lesser by righteousness of status as far as age which is a reason for strife. This can likewise go connected at the hip with the part of sexual orientation where now and again ladies might be looked downward on by righteousness of their sex and sex. This is a significant reason for strife where there is unjustifiable treatment of the individuals from the group based on sex. Social factors in a different proje

Comparison Between Two Paintings Essay Example for Free

Correlation Between Two Paintings Essay During the fourteenth century, when the start of the Renaissance occurred, Florence was one of the fundamental political, monetary, and aesthetic urban areas in Europe. The Black Death, the plague that decreased the number of inhabitants in Florence, and the challenges Florence experienced at this point clarify the substantial impact of gothic style in engineering and the polish found in each work of art made in this time. Florence was one of the top European urban areas when it came to painting, since it had the best school of painting where numerous significant craftsmen helped. Florence, consistently, has consistently been a significant impact in history and craftsmanship. Despite the fact that numerous craftsmen have a huge yearning for craftsmanship, every craftsman has his own measures and strategies that they obtained during the time where they lived. Craftsmen in Italy from the 1400s all through 1900s shared numerous regular strategies and aptitudes that were portrayed by their period. This period carries another point of view of life to the European nations in the mid fourteenth-century. At this point, individuals in Italy imagined that another and contemporary period had started with another style in painting and design and another development in music, science, theory, and writing also. Lorenzo di Credi, is an Italian painter who had a place with the Renaissance time of the 1400s. Lorenzo di Credi, who lived in Florence, was finding out about this new time had a tremendous effect in everyone’s life. This new period had a propelled advancement in the public eye and an ascent of urban culture. Another feeling of authenticity in craftsmanship, new disclosures in the material world, and new increasingly upbeat vision of their general surroundings were occurring during the period. The Renaissance impacted the social, monetary, profound, logical, and strict part of Italy. Lorenzo, who began to have an extraordinary enthusiasm for craftsmanship when he was in Florence by the 1450s, was at that point beginning to deliver his own artistic creations. When Lorenzo began his job as a craftsman, he generally had an extraordinary enthusiasm for pictures. â€Å"He is known fundamentally for his reverential canvases, in spite of the fact that he was likewise much popular as a picture painter and was a delicate designer. † Lorenzo likewise began painting in oil, which was another procedure that emerged in the Renaissance time frame. This new strategy was normally painted in wood or canvas. Oil has a profound, exceptional tone and has hard, lacquer like surfaces. With oil, painters could likewise exhibit the shining and the light and, if necessary, they could orchestrate any conceivable mix-up or part they needed to change since oil dries gradually. This method isn't anything but difficult to adjust and modify, yet this didn't keep Lorenzo from painting with it. â€Å"It isn't realized how oil painting was first grown, however in Western Europe there indicate its utilization from at any rate the twelfth century AD, and it was generally utilized from the Renaissance. Oil was likewise well known on the grounds that with it, specialists could create the best lucidity of shading. Craftsmen control the oil utilizing firm brushes made out of hoard hair. Lorenzo was perceived for having persistence when working in his artworks, he didn't just utilize oil, he additionally adjusted different techniques for painting that necessary a great deal of expertise. An ideal case of a popular craftsmanship of Lorenzo di Credi is Portrait of a Young Women. In the Renaissance, ladies were not fortunate to live in Florence in the event that they needed to be engaged with society. Lady by this time were only a subject of men. The Portrait of a Young Women displays a widow lady. When taking a gander at the canvas, one can discover an assortment of attributes that lead the watchers to think her significant other has kicked the bucket. In the Renaissance period ladies in Italy dressed exquisitely, wearing long outfits with loose and baggy dresses. Lady used to wear exceptionally complex textures that secured their whole body. Fleece was typically the predominant texture lady in Italy used to wear in various sorts of value and hues. This young lady in the canvas is wearing a long, straightforward dark dress with long sleeves and a dark cover on the head. The dress may not appear to be unrestrained in light of the fact that she is dressed as a widow. The dress doesn't contain any significant detail, yet stills looks exquisite. Other than her apparel, her appearance doesn't show a positive one. The expression all over and the non-verbal communication the work of art takes after has a negative implication. It is said that this lady was Lorenzo di Credi’s sister-in-law. She is likewise holding a ring in her left hand, which one can accept that is her wedding band. The manner in which she holds and places her hands drives the watcher to contemplate him, she is reviewing him. The expression all over, her eyes, nose, and mouth are all-static, they don’t have any positive articulation. When taking a gander at the eyes, one can't tell where she is taking a gander at. One may think Lorenzo was impersonating Leonardo Da Vinci’s painting Mona Lisa. It is said that Lorenzo respected and followed Leonardo’s compositions. When taking a gander at Lorenzo’s tormenting, one can relate with her due to the thoroughness body. Her hands and her face are painted with in an exact way. Lorenzo’s aptitudes are consummately shown in this artwork, one can see the shadows all over he painting and the various tones of hues he utilizes in his work. The youthful woman’s body is reasonable to the point that one can even observe the ideal nails and the wrinkles in her grasp. Behind the widow lady is an excellent nursery and a pleasant view. The foundation contains numerous subtleties in the tress, particularly in the leaves. The foundation consolidates the mountains and the sky with an assortment of tones of blues and greens. The tree behind the lady is painted in a round manner resembling a corona, which can look like a picture of the Virgin Mary. Her face looks quiet and resigned, which can likewise be related with the Virgin Mary. Subsequent to breaking down Portrait of a Young Woman from the fifteenth century, one is going to experience an entirely different point of view of existence with new procedures and qualities in a painter from the twentieth century despite the fact that the two specialists are Italian. This Italian craftsman, Umberto Boccioni, was not just a painter; he was likewise associated with figures, hypotheses, and writing. Despite the fact that his profession reached a conclusion quick when he kicked the bucket at a youthful age, he despite everything affected numerous craftsman around the globe and had an exceptionally profitable vocation. Boccioni was from the Italian city of Verona, yet he spent most of his adolescence in Forli, Genoa, and Padua. It isn't until he moves to Rome that he discovered his energy for workmanship. Boccioni, propelled by Balla, relates himself a great deal with scenes and nature. â€Å"In his first long periods of movement, intently following his master’s instructing, Boccioni delivered oil works of art, portrays, pastels, concentrates in gum based paint, and publicizing banners. † After quite a long while he went to Paris where he got roused by the innovation and the French city, which affected his life and his work from multiple points of view. Boccioni was leaving in another period were the Futurism, workmanship development, was occurring. The Futurism development had an extraordinary impact in his fine art; it later turned into a recognized trademark in the entirety of his works of art and his profession as a craftsman. He set up this development, so by showing his work of art with this new development, he additionally enlivened different craftsmen to follow the Futurism. Self-Portrait was painted in Rome in the 1905 when Boccioni was twenty-three years of age. In Boccioni’s popular artwork, one can see Umberto Boccioni sharp looking in dark likewise with a dark, level cap on his head. The artistic creation doesn't show the body’s leaves behind clearness and the artwork just covers not exactly 50% of his body. The way Boccioni paints himself is in a progressively present day way utilizing distinctive hues out of sight and in his face. This picture is additionally painted with oil, yet this time on a canvas rather than fleece. Oil on canvas was the other technique craftsman utilized during the 1400s, yet at the same time was well known in the twentieth century. One can see that oil turned into a significant contraption for specialists in their canvases is still as of now being used by numerous craftsmen right now. Boccioni’s painting, Self-Portrait, mirrors an adjustment in style from light tonalities in hues to more grounded complexities of light and dim. With the way Boccioni applies the oil in this work of art, one can see that the body itself isn't very much characterized a direct result of the more drawn out brushstrokes. His face has a profound, genuine look with his eyebrows wound despite the fact that his dark, little eyes are practically close. At the foundation, one can see a divider with various tone of yellow, child blue, and the leaves of a tree. One can see that Boccioni kept away from the straight line and has utilized integral hues to make a lively impact and express a positive undertone in his representation. Presently, one can see that despite the fact that the two specialists are Italian, they despite everything have totally different styles; the two of them have alternate points of view of life in light of various periods the lived in. In spite of the fact that the two of them have altogether different methods, one can even now discover a few qualities that relate them and interface their artistic creations. Di Credi shows a progressively mind boggling, divine, practically immaculate person while Boccioni pictures himself in an increasingly present day way. The two canvases are pictures; yet, one can discover a great deal of differentiation among them. While the young lady shows a negative implication, Boccioni’s self picture shows an energetic man with clear hues that gets the viewer’s consideration right away. The two craftsmen found a method of setting up a human body in various styles utilizing various techniques with the brushes. Another distinction in the manner these two craftsmen painted is that with di Credi’s painting one can see when he precisely finishes in the edges. One can see that the young lady appears to be genuine, while Boccioni’s picture has

The Term Comedown in Drug Addiction

The Term Comedown in Drug Addiction Addiction Drug Use Print The Term Comedown in Drug Addiction By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 10, 2018 PeopleImages / DigitalVision / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery When people have an addiction, whether it is to drugs, gambling, sex, shopping or any other behavior, there is a feeling of pleasure and euphoria that comes with it. While engaging in the activity or ingesting the substance, the user may feel elated, happy, confident or invincible; this can be described as a high. This can be a heady experience and may addicts continually pursue this sensation.   But this feeling is very momentary and it is fleeting. Afterward, the person experiences comedown, causing them to try and reach that high again.   What Is a Comedown? A comedown is a term used to describe the experience of the initial euphoric effects of a drug, or other potentially addictive behavior, wearing off. Comedowns vary from one drug to another and across individuals. The feeling and severity is dependent on many factors, including dosage, level of physical dependence on the drug, past history, mental health issues and the set and setting in which the drug is taken or the behavior takes place. For one person, it may be a gradual lessening of the pleasurable effects of the drug, while for another person, it may be an intense crash, accompanied by anxiety, irritability and the onset of ?withdrawal.   People who enjoy the initial euphoric stage, but experience unpleasant comedowns, may feel tempted to curb the unpleasant effects of the drug by taking more of the same drug, which can lead to addiction and extreme behaviors to engage in that high again. Some people may try to duplicate the sensation by taking another drug in an effort to relieve the discomfort and emotions accompanying the comedown. Comedowns are consistent with all addictions, including  behaviors  such as shopping and gambling. When the thrill of a purchase wears off, and feelings of dissatisfaction set in, the shopper may feel the urge to make another purchase. In the same way, a gambler may want to re-live the excitement felt just before a win or loss, by betting again. The intensity of the comedown is part of why shopaholics and problem gamblers end up in debt. Know the Warning Signs If you are experiencing unpleasant comedowns, there is a good chance that you have some unresolved emotional issues which will worsen if you try to handle them with drugs or other addictive behaviors, but which can be helped with  treatment. If you find yourself participating in addictive behaviors or abusing drugs and alcohol, its important to be aware of its effect on both your mental and physical health. Addictions can have a significant impact on every facet of your life, including your relationships, finances, and overall well-being. If you continue chasing that high in order to avoid the feeling of a comedown, you may want to pursue therapy or a recovery program. Through treatment, you can face your addiction and discover the root causes of it, helping you establish a path forward and overcome your addiction. This can be an incredibly freeing experience, allowing you to live your life without being shackled by addictive behaviors.   The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Indian Residential School Case Law, Genocide, And Settler...

Introduction: The Aboriginal peoples of Canada have taken on great suffering from the colonization of the settlers of Canada. However, the effect of colonization has not disappeared from the Canadian society. Indigenous Residential Schools (IRS) played a major role in the cultural loss or genocide of the Aboriginals. Presently, IRS litigation is trying to reveal the effects of the IRS and how the justice system needs to acknowledge that cultural genocide was a consequence of IRS. This socio-legal issue is the focus of the article,† Troubling the Path to Decolonization: Indian Residential School Case Law, Genocide, and Settler Illegitimacy,† written by Leslie Thielen-Wilson. Author’s Argument: The author argues that the Indian†¦show more content†¦This idea is drawn from the decision made in Haida Nation v Canada, and how the IRS litigation is an avenue to uphold the settler’s sovereignty currently. In Part II, the author looks at the Blackwater v Plint case, and how it only reveal some of Canada’s wrongdoings in the eyes of law, and what can be considered as being vicariously responsible. This case is looked upon as a business partnership between the Canadian government and the Church, and what qualifies them to be vicariously responsible and what is considered an actionable tort. The article discusses how the settler’s collective vision and claim of sovereignty are not legitimate, but the Canadian government wants to withstand any legal implications solely because it is believed that settlers have superiority and can dehumanize Indigenous people. Evidence: In support of the author’s main claims, the article presents supporting evidence in the text with the usage of the court decisions from Blackwater v Plint. The author supported their thesis by analyzing each phase of the case in court and the decisions that went along with it. It was seen in phase 1, that Justice Brenner 1998 phase-one decision is considered a landmark decision in that it holds both Canada and the United Church vicariously responsible for the sexual assaults committed by Plint. ( Thielen-Wilson, 187). The author interprets this, is that this brings forth the racial ontology of property†¦ â€Å"no-fault† responsibility is

Anne Frank And The Holocaust - 1401 Words

The Jewish and Armenian Holocausts â€Å"More than 70 years after the Holocaust, the horrors of Rwanda, Srebrenica, and Darfur are sobering reminders that preventing future genocides and mass atrocities remains an enormous challenge†(Obama P 3). In the novel Forgotten Fire, Vahan Kenderian shares his experiences through the Armenian War and Genocide, where his family and most of his people were killed. In the book, The Diary of Anne Frank, Anne explains her thoughts and feelings, during some of her teen years, and her experiences through World War Two and the Holocaust. Through the experiences of Anne Frank and Vahan Kenderian, they experience many things that are alike yet different from each other. In 1915, the Ottoman Government decided on†¦show more content†¦Anne Frank also had to survive through harsh times like Vahan. Anne Frank was lived in a home where she and her family did not have to worry about problems others did. Once Adolf Hitler became a Dictator and spreaded out his beliefs on the th e Jewish race, Anne and her family became scared. She and her family went into hiding in a small little space that was located where Anne’s father worked. â€Å"Now our Secret Annex has truly become secret. Because so many houses are being searched for hidden bicycles, Mr. Kugler thought it would be better to have a bookcase built in front of the entrance to our hiding place†(Frank). Mr. Krugler had made a secret room that was located behind a bookcase, where they all could hide. This hiding spot had kept Anne and the others hidden from Nazi soldiers for about two years, but later they were caught and sent to concentration camps. Vahan Kenderian and Anne Frank had very similar upbrings, like having a nice homes, and a plentiful amount of food. Once the Armenian War started for Vahan, and WWII for Anne, they both had everything taken away from including their homes, families, and friends. One difference between Vahan and Anne, is that they used different tactics to survive the murder of their people. Vahan used a different tactic to survive the Armenian War and Genocide, compared to Anne Frank during World War Two. Vahan had spent almost the entire time during his the Armenian Genocide running andShow MoreRelatedAnne Frank And The Holocaust1726 Words   |  7 Pages Anne Frank, a Jewish child at the time, faced constant persecution from the Nazis and had personal struggles similar to those of other Jewish children. This was an effect of World War Two since Adolf Hitler believed that the German race was superior, so during his world domination, his immoral notion created devastation among Jews. His wave of dictatorship affected each and every family, and although many of them faced death, mostly all faced sorrow. This world-wide crisis reveals the parallelRead MoreAnne Frank And The Holocaust1016 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Anne Frank is a Jewish girl who has to go into hiding during World War Two to escape from the Nazis †¦ After more than two years in hiding they are discovered and deported to concentration camps †¦ After her death Anne becomes world famous because of the diary she wrote while in hiding† (annefrank.org). Anne Frank was a young girl who had a bright future, but it was taken away from her by the Nazi’ s and Holocaust. Before the Holocaust, Anne Frank was just the typical young girl. During the HolocaustRead MoreThe Holocaust Haunted Irene Gut and Anne Frank794 Words   |  3 Pages The holocaust had been two pale, waxy fingers from a deathly hand pinching out lights all over Europe. It affected everyone, from young to old, short or tall. It had haunted two girls by the name of Irene Gut and Anne Frank, just because they did not have the luck to be born â€Å"the supreme race† that Hitler thought was most admirable. In The Diary of Anne Frank a young girl named Anne Frank had been forced to hide in the rooftop room in the fathers work building. Anne had suffered throughRead MoreBig Simbol of the Holocaust: The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank777 Words   |  4 PagesAnne Frank’s diary is known all over the world. She was in hiding for 2 years, and she wrote in her diary. Writing was one of her hobbies. There is more than just one of Anne Frank’s writings. It is very impressive of being such a big symbol about the holocaust, writing about your life in hiding. But there are plenty of other pieces of work she has done. She has written many short stories, letters and poems of her own; during the time she was in hiding, and before that. Anne Frank has always lovedRead MoreSurviving the Holocaust: Comparison and Contrast of Anne Frank and Gerta Klein761 Words   |  4 Pageswinter. Gerta survived because of her family and friends. Anne Frank survived because she believed that â€Å"Despite all the evil going on in the world I still believe that all people are good at heart.† ~ Anne Frank The Franks were a Jewish family who were living during the Holocaust. They went into hiding because Margot had gotten a letter and she was going to be taken away to a concentration camp and forced into labor. The franks along with the VannDanns, Mrs. VannDann, Mr. VannDann, PeterRead MoreReading The Diary Of Anne Frank : An Essay Depth Resource For Learning About The Holocaust770 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching the Holocaust to high school students can be tricky at times. Choosing the right sources, whether primary or secondary, can be a daunting task. Students may connect to certain sources on an individual level, but other sources may make it hard to understand the â€Å"people† of the Holocaust. Susan Morger’s, Teaching the Diary of Anne Frank: An In-depth Resource for Learning about the Holocaust through the Writings of Anne Frank, offers high school teachers a very useful resource for teachingRead MoreComparison between Maus Anne Frank Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pageswere a holocaust survivor and asked to describe your catastrophic experience? What part of the event would you begin with, the struggle, the death of innocent Jews, or the cruel witnessed? When survivors are questioned about their experience they shiver from head to toe, recalling what they have been through. Therefore, they use substitutes such as books and diaries to expose these catastrophic events internationally. Books such as Maus, A survivor’s tale by Art Spiegelman, and Anne Frank by AnnRead MoreThe Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank: The Diary That Changed the Way We See History1499 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Anne Frank: The diary that changed the way we see history The Diary of Anne Frank, also published under the simple name The Diary of a Young Girl, is the first book on the Holocaust many young people read. Told in the straightforward, first-person voice of a young adolescent witnessing the horrors of the Nazi occupation as it unfolded before her eyes, it enabled readers of all ages and religious persuasions to become eyewitnesses to history. Reading her diary is a convenient way, a hook, to introduceRead MoreA Diary Every Day By Anne Frank1681 Words   |  7 PagesSix million innocent, loving, caring Jewish people were ruthlessly murdered during the Holocaust, yet there was little insight into exactly how these people were treated before their deaths. However, one girl, by the name of Anne Frank, wrote in her diary every day, unaware that her diary entries would solve this issue. She was born in the large German town of Frankfurt. Anne was an ordinary child, with dreams for her future, and friends and family who supported and loved her, u naware that she wouldRead MoreThe Diary Of Anne Frank Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesHolocaust is historical event that people must remember. As a student of the University of California Irvine and a member of the ASUCI Cultural Committee, it is one of my obligation to determine the cultural event that is most appropriate for Holocaust Remembrance Day this coming spring. I think that the play of Francis Goodrich and Albert Hackett s The Diary of Anne Frank is the most appropriate for it and should be produced at UCI for two strong reasons. The play of the Diary of Anne Frank

Influence of Television Programs on Children Free Essays

Before there was television, children had options of playing outside, playing board games, or doing simple activities like reading or drawing. Now that TV exists to a high extremity, it has become apparent that nowadays these children shows have surpassed physical and intellectual activities and have now become a way of life for children. We now see children wearing clothing, playing video games, playing with toys, and watching movies featuring famous characters that started off as mere creations that starred on half-hour to one hour long programs. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Television Programs on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whether it is a positive or negative happening, children programming is becoming a global phenomenon affecting many kids around the world. The most relevant questions posed are how these shows affect children inside and outside of the US, and is this controversial issue affecting these children for the better or for the worse. It is clear that children within the United States have become indulged with computers, video games, and, most evidently, television. Nickelodeon in particular has been coming out with shows made just for younger children over the last decade. An example of this would be â€Å"Dora the Explorer. † As Dora celebrates her 10th year on air, ratings and sales show that this Latina is here to stay. In an article from Dayton Daily News in Dayton, Ohio, Sigal Ratner-Arias addresses this bilingual girl’s journey into the hearts of millions of children. Today, Dora is seen in 151 different markets and has been translated to 30 different languages. She appears in countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada and Ireland and teaches Spanish. However, while this busy girl teaches Spanish to English-speaking countries, she also teaches English to Hispanic countries (Ratner-Arias n. pag). â€Å"According to Nickelodeon, ‘Dora’ has generated over $11 billion in worldwide sales since 2002 having sold 65 million units of Fisher Price Dora the Explorer toys, 50 million books and over 20 million DVDs worldwide,† writes Ratner-Arias (Ratner-Arias n. pag). For originally being created as a forest animal, â€Å"Dora the Explorer† has become a global idol to young children (Ratner-Arias n. pag). Another Nickelodeon star causing global waves is the sponge that lives in a pineapple under the sea, â€Å"Spongebob Squarepants. † Martha Worboy, writer for The Gazette in Montreal, writes about the impact Spongebob Squarepants has had on children around the world. Since this show premiered in July of 1999, Spongebob has advanced himself to be seen in 171 markets and translated into 25 languages (Worboy n. pag). Along with many other shows, Spongebob has been seen in video games, movies, clothing, food, and seen in stores such as Wal-Mart, Best Buy, Kohl’s, and Radio Shack (Worboy n. pag). Spongebob has sparked imagination amongst children around the world and continues to grow in popularity of all ages. Two other shows that have shown significant rise around the world are â€Å"Sesame Street† and â€Å"Blue’s Clues. † According to an article from Melbourne, Australia’s newspaper, The Age, â€Å"Blue’s Clues† has been seen in 60 different countries and has been translated into 15 different languages (Dunn n. pag). Kids have the ability to interact with a guy named Joe and his cute, blue puppy, Blue. Along with Joe, children work to solve a mystery that Blue has laid out for them. With this show, children have the ability to be entertained through interaction with an animated puppy that also stimulates their brain. Though â€Å"Sesame Street† has been seen for many years and is highly known, this show still continues to branch out more and more. This Day, a newspaper out of Nigeria stated that later this year, â€Å"Sesame Street† will be introduced as â€Å"Sesame Square† in Nigeria; however, with it comes a unique twist to the characters (â€Å"This Day† n. pag). This show will be hosted by two Muppet characters. One is named Kami, a golden fur, girl Muppet who is HIV positive, and Zobi, a furry blue, boy Muppet (â€Å"This Day† n. pag). This show has drawn quite the anticipation in Nigeria and even allowed the Nigerian people to vote on a name for the blue furry Muppet (â€Å"This Day† n. pag). With the ongoing advancement of technology and improvement of shows made for children, it can only be wondered how long until the next animated phenomenon is created. Although these television shows have obviously been globalized, they also lead to the question of if the impact they have had on children can truly be een as constructive or harmful. Many people have questioned whether or not children shows are in fact engaging the minds of young kids and teaching them various ways to look at life or, in contrast, poisoning their minds and encouraging them into bad choices and presenting an overall negative effect on their life outside of watching the television. In a Boston periodical, The Jewish Advocate, Lauren Kramer views a theory brought by Dr. Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, director for the infant-language laboratory at Temple University. Pasek develops the idea of the â€Å"Six C’s† which creates a recipe for success in young children. These â€Å"Six C’s† are: collaboration with others, communication, content, creative, and confidence (Kramer n. pag). Pasek goes on to discuss that none of these can be seen or adapted by watching television. She also states that while content may be seen while watching TV it is really just a quick fix and will not benefit children in the long run (Kramer n. pag). Pasek stresses, â€Å"We know young kids are better when they’re actively rather than passively engaged, and TV is passive,† (Kramer n. pag). In this article, Pasek also determines that children under three years of age in no way benefit from television; even if it is â€Å"Baby Einstein,† (Kramer n. pag). Studies have also been conducted trying to determine whether or not watching television to great amounts is affecting the eating habits and psyche of young children. A study published by US Journal Pediatrics found that more psychological difficulties dealing with peers, emotional issues, and hyperactivity are likely to develop with children who spend numerous hours daily in front of television or playing video games (Yahoo! News n. pag). Researchers studied 1,013 children ages 10 to 11 and had them complete a 25-point questionnaire, a self-report about daily hours watching television or playing games, and measured their physical activity using an accelerometer in which the kids wore around their waist for seven days (Yahoo! News n. pag). It was concluded that children spending two or more hours a day were likely to score higher on the questionnaire which indicated, â€Å"They had more psychological difficulties than kids who did not spend a lot of time in front of a screen,† (Yahoo! News n. pag). Even if children are physically active but still spend multiple hours watching television or playing video games, they are still at risk for psychological difficulties. Researchers stress the importance of parents regulating how much these activities are being done to ensure their kids’ well being (Yahoo! News n. pag). A periodical appearing in Medical Post by Amber Lepage-Monette discusses Sonia Miller, a Harvard Medical Student, who conducted a study in 2007 which was a, â€Å"cross sectional analysis of children taking part in Project Viva, which followed more than 2,000 pregnant women and their offspring. Data on diet and TV time were gathered for 1,203 three-year-old children,† (Monette n. pag). After this study was completed, Miller found that for every extra hour of TV the average child viewed per day, they were in taking 0. 06 extra servings of sugar sweetened beverages per day, 0. 32 additional servings of fast food per week, and an additional 48. 7 calories a day. This research also revealed that these children were consuming 0. 18 fewer fruit and vegetable daily servings along with 0. 44 fewer grams of fiber, and 24. fewer milligrams of calcium per day (Monette n. pag). Miller notes, â€Å"Previous studies revealed the association between obesity and TV viewing is not due to time spent watching TV replacing time spent being physically active,† (Monette n. pag). From this it can be seen that parents should be thinking twice before placing their kids in front of the TV for long periods of time. On the counterpoint, while there is a strong consensus that television ha s a negative impact on children, some say it is very much so educational and beneficial. Amanda Dunn, writer for The Age newspaper in Australia, views opinions of various people about the effect of television on children. Mark Mitchell, star of an Australian show â€Å"Round the Twist,† states that while he enjoys engaging children in his show, he worries that television has and will continue to become a babysitter for kids (Dunn n. pag). Lee Burton, senior lecturer in media education at RMIT University Australia, strongly disagrees and, â€Å"thinks the babysitter argument is something of a myth, and believes that television is a fine educator and entertainer of children as long as it is regulated,† (Dunn n. ag). Even those that find television valuable for children agree that there needs to be some sort of limitation on how much kids are watching. After doing this research and viewing different perspectives, I find myself definite on what I believe is correct for children. I thoroughly believe that television is a necessity for children. It enforces creativity and imagination and further emphasizes the importance of creating an individual within oneself. The various shows geared towards children do an exceptional job at giving them the break from the daily grind that I believe s needed even at a young age. Many shows that are made more for the audience of pre-teens to teenagers also do more than entertain these viewers but also relates to their lives by incorporating real life situations. For example, a show I have always been fond of is â€Å"Degrassi† which is a show filmed in Canada. This show follows teenagers that attend Degrassi Community High School and follows their triumphs, as well as their losses. Degrassi is ideal for teenagers because it allows them to relate to the situations presented as well as relate it to their own lives and where there is comparison. In this show viewers have witnessed relationships, the reality of STDs, a school shooting, a murder, a suicide, and a school lockdown. It is because of me watching this show that I believe television can educate and enlighten as well as entertain. Every age group has a show that does both of these things for them. I also believe that there needs to be limitations on how often kids watch TV. Studies I have mentioned before show that there are many disadvantages and losses the children will endure if they continue to watch as much television as they have been allotted thus far. People continue to say that they are worried for our generation in the future. Well now there is a simple thing that can be done to assist in shaping a better generation; it just needs to be embraced. Children do not need to be at a computer, playing a video game, or watching TV for more than an hour and a half daily. More than this limit will lead to more and more regression of the generation. Television shows have become a global phenomenon to children of all ages. Clothing, food, games, toys, and many more can be seen surrounding children due to the popularity of these shows. As good as it may seem to be able to sit back and watch various shows at night, it has been proven to be bad for the development of children and worsen their health and nutritional stability. Whether one believes TV is a positive or negative occurrence, it cannot be denied that there need to be limitations on how much television children are engaged in daily in order to support children accomplishing their optimal well being. How to cite Influence of Television Programs on Children, Papers

Justice and Social Equity

Introduction By virtue of the Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy entries, both justice and social equity can be explained in relation to distributive justice and justice as a virtue. Justice can be defined as the concept of the rightness of morals. These morals are based on inter alia law, equity, ethics or natural law backed by sanctions in case of breach. On the other hand, social equity refers to the just and fair distribution of resources in a given society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justice and Social Equity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Concept of justice and Social Equity The concept of distributive justice is governed by normative principles that have been designed for purposes of guiding the allocation, as well as benefits and detriments of economic activity. The concept of distributive justice tends to observe strict egalitarianism that calls for the allocation of material goods in equal a mounts to all. For example, where a resource of public utility like electricity is in question, then all parts of the society should benefit from this resource as opposed to it being enjoyed by only a portion of members of the society. Furthermore, distributive justice also maintains the ‘different principle’ that permits allocation in cases where it is contrary to strict equality, but its effect is not detrimental. This means that its effect must be in such a way that the least advantage in the society is in better condition materially than under the strict equality (Lamont 2007). Justice as a virtue is further reflected in the Stanford Encyclopedia (Lamont 2007). It refers to individual’s traits that could be good or bad. The phrase is evidently ambiguous and may thus vary depending on individuals or social applications. Historically, both Aristotle and Plato’s perceptions of justice as a virtue proved that they were rationalists. The two scholars employ ed the role of reason in their perception of what was just and fair. A good example is the fact that, it is considered unjust when one refuses to pay a debt or steals. Ethical thinkers have thus supported the fact that, justice is not based on mere sentiments. Instead, they advocate for a more intellectual and constructive rational in determining what is just. More scholars have also presented their distinct opinions about justice as a virtue using both virtual and non-virtual approaches.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Threats to Justice and Social Equity In his article, Frederickson reveals the existing connection between social equity and justice (2008). Additionally, he also outlays the challenges that befall social equity in both society and public administration. The author talks about Philip J. Rutledge in his leadership implemented in public administration and soci al equity (Frederickson 2008). Evidently, social equity can be influenced by the changing attitudes existing towards fairness and governmental programs that are aimed at bringing equality. The challenges that affect social justice are said to be based on racial and gender prejudices, as opposed to existing economic differences. Ethnicity and race therefore puts the ‘poverty face’ on and also gives it an identity. A good example in where it affects the Hispanic, African American, Indians and also native Americans who, according to the article, were only 3 percent of enrolled students in the University of California (Fredericks 2008). In the book â€Å"The State of social equity in America Public Administration†, more is revealed about threats that are faced by social justice and equity. Over the years, public administration is said to have led the way when it comes to social equity. Historically, this concept of social equality in public administration was emphasi zed on matters concerning service delivery, gender and race in employment as well as democratic participation. The situation has since then improved but still ought to be addressed because equity is today defined in a much broader way (Frederickson 2010). Conclusion In a nutshell, the concept of justice and social equity is inevitable when it comes to public administration and thus of high importance. Despite the fact that justice and social equity has improved over the years, there still exist certain threats that act as a stumbling block as discussed above. References Fredrickson, H. (2008).Social Equity in the Twenty-First Century: An Essay in Memory of Philip J. Rutledge. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 14(1): 1-8.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Justice and Social Equity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fredrickson, H. (2010).Social Equity and Public Administration: Origins, Developments and Applicatio ns. New York: M.E Sharpe. Lamont, J. (2007). Distributive Justice. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Web. This essay on Justice and Social Equity was written and submitted by user Kason W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The History Behind Cobell Vs. Salazar

The History Behind Cobell Vs. Salazar Surviving multiple presidential administrations since its inception in 1996, the Cobell case has been known variously as Cobell v. Babbit, Cobell v. Norton, Cobell v. Kempthorne and its current name, Cobell v. Salazar (all defendants being Secretaries of the Interior under which the Bureau of Indian affairs is organized). With upwards of 500,000 plaintiffs, it has been called the largest class-action lawsuit against the United States in U.S. history. The suit is the result of over 100 years of abusive federal Indian policy and gross negligence in the management of Indian trust lands. Overview Eloise Cobell, a Blackfoot Indian from Montana and banker by profession, filed the lawsuit on behalf of hundreds of thousands of individual Indians in 1996 after finding many discrepancies in the management of funds for lands held in trust by the United States in her job as treasurer for the Blackfoot tribe. According to U.S. law, Indian lands are technically not owned by tribes or individual Indians themselves but are held in trust by the U.S. government. Under U.S. management, Indian trust lands Indian reservations are often leased to non-Indian individuals or companies for resource extraction or other uses. The revenue generated from the leases is to be paid to the tribes and individual Indian land owners. The United States has a fiduciary responsibility to manage the lands to the best benefit of tribes and individual Indians, but as the lawsuit revealed, for over 100 years the government failed in its duties to accurately account for the income generated by the leases, let alone pay the revenues to the Indians. History of Indian Land Policy and Law The foundation of federal Indian law begins with the principles based on the doctrine of discovery, originally defined in Johnson v. MacIntosh (1823) which maintains that Indians only have a right to occupancy and not the title to their own lands. This led to the legal principle of the trust doctrine to which the United States is held on behalf of Native American tribes. In its mission to civilize and assimilate Indians into mainstream American culture, the Dawes Act of 1887 broke up the communal landholdings of tribes into individual allotments which were held in trust for a period of 25 years. After the 25-year period, a patent in fee simple would be issued, enabling an individual to sell their land if they chose to and ultimately breaking up the reservations. The goal of the assimilation policy would have resulted in all Indian trust lands in private ownership, but a new generation of lawmakers in the early 20th century reversed the assimilation policy based on the landmark Merria m Report which detailed the deleterious effects of the previous policy. Fractionation Throughout the decades as the original allottees died the allotments passed to their heirs in subsequent generations. The result has been that an allotment of 40, 60, 80, or 160 acres, which was originally owned by one person is now owned by hundreds or sometimes even thousands of people. These fractionated allotments are usually vacant parcels of land that are still managed under resource leases by the U.S. and have been rendered useless for any other purposes because they can only be developed with the approval 51% of all other owners, an unlikely scenario. Each of those people is assigned Individual Indian Money (IIM) accounts which are credited with any revenue generated by the leases (or would have been had there been appropriate accounting and crediting maintained). With hundreds of thousands of IIM accounts now in existence, accounting has become a bureaucratic nightmare and highly costly. The Settlement The Cobell case hinged in large part on whether or not an accurate accounting of the IIM accounts could be determined. After over 15 years of litigation, the defendant and the plaintiffs both agreed that an accurate accounting was not possible and in 2010 a settlement was finally reached for a total of $3.4 billion. The settlement, known as the Claims Settlement Act of 2010, was divided into three sections: $1.5 billion was created for an Accounting/Trust Administration fund (to be distributed to IIM account holders), $60 million is set aside for Indian access to higher education, and the remaining $1.9 billion sets up the Trust Land Consolidation Fund, which provides funds for tribal governments to purchase individual fractionated interests, consolidating the allotments into once again communally held land. However, the settlement has yet to be paid due to legal challenges by four Indian plaintiffs.

Scary Clown Costume Ideas for This Halloween

Scary Clown Costume Ideas for This Halloween In case you haven’t heard, scary clowns are all the rage this fall. The trend has sparked terror all across the country and internationally as people don scary clown costumes at night and head out to terrorize their neighborhood. With a costume this hot, nobody wants to be left out. So if you’re planning to be your own breed of scary clown this Halloween, or even tonight, here are some tips on how to do it right. There are lots of scary clown styles to choose from, from Stephen King’s It to Clownhouse to Carnival of Souls to Zombieland. Here are some top scary looks and how to get them: Stephen King’s IT The hair He doesn’t have the classic Ronald McDonald Hair, instead he has frizzy red hair and a majorly receding hairline. So, you’ll need to cover up your own hairline with a swim-cap or other cap before you don the wig. The face Use white face-paint and lots of it. If you put a thin layer on, your skin tone will still shine through so make sure you pile on the white face-paint to get his look right. The nose He doesn’t have one of those perfectly red noses, instead it’s textured and bulbous. You can get the same effect by covering a traditional red nose with a sponge material and painting it red. The eyes Red contacts can help you imitate his menacing gaze. The teeth This clown’s got killer teeth. And they’re yellow to boot. Look for a set of scary sharp teeth to complete your look and dirty them up with brown and yellow food coloring before going out. Clownhouse There’s more than one scary clown in this film but the lead clown’s look is the best. The hair Again, he has a receding hairline, but with shorter hair than the It clown. You’ll need to don that swim-cap again to cover up your hairline before putting on the wig. The face Use a base of white face-paint first. This clown has triangles above his eyes and he frames the eyes with a black line that goes from the temples and across the forehead which can be drawn in with black eyeliner or face-paint. The nose A traditional clown’s nose made out of rubber, not plastic, will work here. The lips His lips are filled in with a deep red color that goes outside the border of his lips, making for a creepy looking red mouth. Carnival of Souls The hair This guy doesn’t have the traditional red hair. Instead, you can find a dark green wig for the hair. Top it off with his signature purple top-hat. The face Begin with a base of white face-paint. Then draw in exaggerated arched eyebrows with black eyeliner or face-paint. For his creepy eye look, use red face-paint all around the eyes. His mouth has a downturned smile, so use red face-paint or lipstick to fill in and around the lips. Zombieland The hair This clown is also a zombie and has two green tufts of hair growing out of either side and is bald in the middle. The face You’ll have a lot of fun with this one. His zombie look has rotten flesh around the chin and deep unhealed scars across his temples and cheeks. Use a base of grey-ish white face-paint for his undead look. Black face-paint around the eyes will create a sunken eyeball look. Add a turned up red clown’s smile around the mouth with lipstick or face-paint. His bulbous red nose is shiny plastic. The accessory You simply can’t ignore this guy’s bowtie. The enormous blue and white polka-dot tie would make this scary clown outfit complete. Choose your favorite scary clown look to scare your neighbors tonight or to have the most popular Halloween costume of the season. If you dont like clowns, you should check out other Halloween costume ideas to create the scariest costume for the party! Also, you can be even scarier after applying Halloween makeup! image credit: flickr.com

Human genetic enhancement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Human genetic enhancement - Essay Example Gene insertion may be intended to affect a single individual through somatic cell modification, or it may target the Gametes, in which case the resulting effect could be passed on to generations. The concept of genetic enhancement is not new if one considers the use of genetically modified drug products such as Human Growth Hormone (HGH), which before 1985 could only be obtained in limited quantities from cadaveric pituitary glands but now can be produced using recombinant DNA technology (Stock, 2003). When its supply was limited HGH could only be prescribed to children with short stature caused by classical growth hormone deficiency however with the advent of recombinant DNA manufacturing some physicians are recommending use of HGH for nonhormone deficient children who are below normal height. After reports were heard of a pregnancy achieved through Human cloning program a bill was set up by the Senate that would outlaw all forms of cloning including biometric research aimed at crea ting embryonic stem cells that would not be rejected when transplanted, simply known as therapeutic cloning, and the bill had the support of then president George W. Bush. Any embryonic researcher was threatened with extreme criminal penalties (10 years in jail). An executive order on March 9, 2009 with its main aim of removing barriers to responsible scientific research involving human stem cell was introduced and it highlighted the advances over the past decade in the research field was very promising and would support it with federal funds. The order was to remove all forms of limitations on scientific inquiry expand NIH support on human stem cell research and enhance American scientist's contribution in new discoveries enhance the reputation for the fact that the U.S.A houses the most powerful biometric research facility in the world. There are issues regarding human genetic modifications and they bring up major questions like what extent is permitted by law, the risk involved, and availability of research benefits to people from all walks of life, use of animal model with the aim of human application. Gene transfer at an embryonic stage through a technique called pronuclear micro injections is being tested in animals but based on the experiments it suggests that embryo gene transfer is unsafe and its use results in random integration of the donor DNA, a lack of control of the number of gene copies inserted,rearrangement of host genetic material and the process was necessarily followed by nuclear transfer of enucleated oocytes led to low birth rate and a very high rate of late pregnancy loss or newborn death thus making gene transfer at the embryonic stage for enhancement would reach far beyond the means of acceptable medical intervention (Stock, 2003). But scientists have crossed that line, they have been able to change the DNA in a human egg and might easily ignore the goal which is prevent rare but horrible disorders in babies, caused by defects in the DNA that only passed down from a mother to a kid. Human genetic enhancement is a controversial topic and to make sense of this requires ethical reflection between Therapy and Enhancement. Both proponents and critics of bioenhancemet have argued that the line between therapy and enhancement is very thin. Therapy includes medical interventions that restore human functioning to species typical norms. One example of human genetic

Managing High Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managing High Performance - Essay Example There is collective ownership of the work. On the other hand, autocratic system excessive control in the autocratic system creates resentment, absenteeism and increased turnover. Decentralized system is favorable to centralized system. Though certain decisions will have to remain at the main office, certain functions will be left with the smaller units. In the decentralized system, each of the units will have the power to make their own decisions as regards most matters. This will help in greater participation by the employees in the project work, and will foster faster decision making (Reddin, 1999). Self directed work teams are preferable to conventional teams (Wright, 2006). The self directed work teams are particularly important because it is the team- not the supervisor which assigns the work, the team completes the whole piece of work, are responsible for and have the authority to correct problems with work flow as they occur. In addition, the team also receives rewards and feedbacks at the team level. This reinforces hard

The Rise Of The Nuclear Weapon Into A Political Weapon Essay -- essays

During last 50 years of development, the nuclear bomb, as the ultimate weapon became the peacekeeping force on the earth. The nuclear bomb was developed in Manhattan project during the WW II and was successfully tested in the New Mexico on July 16 1945. At this point started the change of nuclear weapon from ultimate weapon to political weapon. USA decided to use the atomic bomb to defeat Japan in order to save around 500.000 lives of American soldiers that were needed to end the war and in the summer 1945 the USA dropped two bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The nuclear weapon raised the confidence of USA but president Truman did not ordered its mass production because at that time he saw no explicit political function for the bomb. USA even tried to internationalize control of the bomb under the UNITED NATIONS but the Soviets were reluctant to support American plan for two reasons. To stop soviet nuclear program before developing the first soviet bomb would give Americans permanent lead in nuclear weapons technology. Soviets believed that instruments of force always have political capabilities. For the Kremlin weapons were political tools. This led Americans to the same conclusion. The beginning of Cold War created several political functions of nuclear weapons: nuclear deterrence, alliance building, and international prestige. The Nuclear Bomb was developed as the weapon of war at the end of the Second World War. Nuclear Deterrence was than the natural function of nuclear bomb. The atomic bomb had a function of â€Å"natural deterrence† at the early beginning of Cold War when Soviets did not have nuclear weapons. The Soviets would not attack West Europe because they would risk war with USA and USA had atomic bomb that was seen by Soviets as the essence of deterrence. USA also believed that if Soviets finish their own bomb they would not be deterred by USA and its nuclear arsenal therefore the West Europe would become vulnerable. After the Soviets detonated its own bomb in September 1949, the Truman administration abandoned its policy of natural deterrence and ordered the development of more powerful hydrogen thermonuclear bomb. Since Soviet nuclear bombs deterred US deterrence, Truman sought a way to restore deterrence. He ordered a study by the Department of State’s policy planning staff and the result, NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL PAPER 68 (NSC-68), went to Tru... ...r weapons that would give him the leadership in Arab world and he could organize and lead an alliance against Israel. The increasing proliferation of nuclear technology in areas of simmering regional conflicts increases the probability of nuclear war. During the 50 years of existence, the real function of nuclear power was changed from direct use as a weapon of war through deterrence tool to the ticket to nuclear club that means the sing of superpower. References Atomic Archive. (1997,April 6). Timeline [WWW document]. < http://www.atomicarchive.com/Timeline/Timeline.shtml> Atomic Archive. (1997,April 6). Arms Control Treaties [WWW document]. http://www.atomicarchive.com/ACTreaty.shtml Foreign policy in focus. (1999,November). In Focus: U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy at the End of the Century: Lost Opportunities and New Dangers. [WWW document]. http://www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol4/v4n25nuc.html Nuclear History at the National Security Archive [WWW document]. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/NC/nuchis.html The Bulletin of Atomic Scientist. (1999,December). Where they were. [WWW document]. http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/1999/nd99/nd99norris.html

Peer and Self Assessment

Assessing Learning Peer and Self Assessment Peer Assessment One of the ways in which students internalize the characteristics of quality work is by evaluating the work of their peers. However, if they are to offer helpful feedback, students must have a clear understanding of what they are to look for in their peers' work. The instructor must explain expectations clearly to them before they begin. One way to make sure students understand this type of evaluation is to give students a practice session with it. The instructor provides a sample writing or speaking assignment. As a group, students determine what should be assessed and how criteria for successful completion of the communication task should be defined. Then the instructor gives students a sample completed assignment. Students assess this using the criteria they have developed, and determine how to convey feedback clearly to the fictitious student. Students can also benefit from using rubrics or checklists to guide their assessments. At first these can be provided by the instructor; once the students have more experience, they can develop them themselves. An example of a peer editing checklist for a writing assignment is given in the popup window. Notice that the checklist asks the peer evaluator to comment primarily on the content and organization of the essay. It helps the peer evaluator focus on these areas by asking questions about specific points, such as the presence of examples to support the ideas discussed. For peer evaluation to work effectively, the learning environment in the classroom must be supportive. Students must feel comfortable and trust one another in order to provide honest and constructive feedback. Instructors who use group work and peer assessment frequently can help students develop trust by forming them into small groups early in the semester and having them work in the same groups throughout the term. This allows them to become more comfortable with each other and leads to better peer feedback. Self Assessment Students can become better language learners when they engage in deliberate thought about what they are learning and how they are learning it. In this kind of reflection, students step back from the learning process to think about their language learning strategies and their progress as language earners. Such self assessment encourages students to become independent learners and can increase their motivation. The successful use of student self assessment depends on three key elements:  ·Goal setting  ·Guided practice with assessment tools  ·Portfolios Goal setting Goal setting is essential because students can evaluate their progress more clearly when they have targets against which to measure their performance. In addition, students' motivation to learn increases when they have self-defined, and therefore relevant, learning goals. At first, students tend to create lofty long-range goals (â€Å"to speak Russian)† that do not lend themselves to self assessment. To help students develop realistic, short-term, attainable goals, instructors can use a framework like SMART goals outline shown in the popup window. One way to begin the process of introducing students to self-assessment is to create student-teacher contracts. Contracts are written agreements between students and instructors, which commonly involve determining the number and type of assignments that are required for particular grades. For example, a student may agree to work toward the grade of â€Å"B† by completing a specific number of assignments at a level of quality described by the instructor. Contracts can serve as a good way of helping students to begin to consider establishing goals for themselves as language learners. Guided practice with assessment tools Students do not learn to monitor or assess their learning on their own; they need to be taught strategies for self monitoring and self assessment. Techniques for teaching students these strategies are parallel to those used for teaching learning strategies (see Motivating Learners[->0]). The instructor models the technique (use of a checklist or rubric, for example); students then try the technique themselves; finally, students discuss whether and how well the technique worked and what to do differently next time. In addition to checklists and rubrics for specific communication tasks, students can also use broader self-assessment tools to reflect on topics they have studied, skills they have learned, their study habits, and heir sense of their overall strengths and weaknesses. An example of such a tool appears in the popup window. Students can share their self-assessments with a peer or in a small group, with instructions that they compare their impressions with other criteria such as test scores, teacher evaluations, and peers' opinions. This kind of practice helps students to be aware of their learning. It also informs the te acher about students' thoughts on their progress, and gives the teacher feedback about course content and instruction. Portfolios Portfolios are purposeful, organized, systematic collections of student work that tell the story of a student's efforts, progress, and achievement in specific areas. The student participates in the selection of portfolio content, the development of guidelines for selection, and the definition of criteria for judging merit. Portfolio assessment is a joint process for instructor and student. Portfolio assessment emphasizes evaluation of students' progress, processes, and performance over time. There are two basic types of portfolios:  ·A process portfolio serves the purpose of classroom-level assessment on the part of both the instructor and the student. It most often reflects formative assessment, although it may be assigned a grade at the end of the semester or academic year. It may also include summative types of assignments that were awarded grades.  ·A product portfolio is more summative in nature. It is intended for a major evaluation of some sort and is often accompanied by an oral presentation of its contents. For example, it may be used as a evaluation tool for graduation from a program or for the purpose of seeking employment. In both types of portfolios, emphasis is placed on including a variety of tasks that elicit spontaneous as well as planned language performance for a variety of purposes and audiences, using rubrics to assess performance, and demonstrating reflection about learning, including goal setting and self and peer assessment. Portfolio characteristics:  ·Represent an emphasis on language use and cultural understanding  ·Represent a collaborative approach to assessment Represent a student's range of performance in reading, writing, speaking, and listening as well as cultural understanding  ·Emphasize what students can do rather than what they cannot do  ·Represent a student's progress over time  ·Engage students in establishing ongoing learning goals and assessing their progress towards those goals  ·Measure each student's achievement while allowing for individu al differences between students in a class  ·Address improvement, effort, and achievement  ·Allow for assessment of process and product  ·Link teaching and assessment to learning [-;0] – http://www. nclrc. org/essentials/motivating/moindex. htm

Book Review The Prince Essay - 1014 Words

This semester in Mr. Sellers’ History class, we were asked to read a history novel and write a book review on it. I chose to read The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli, and it sure did not disappoint. For a book on history, it was not so bad. The two parts to this review include a summary and a critical analysis. This paper will discuss the major points Machiavelli made in his book and analyze his tone and writing style, with an overall critique. The Prince is a novel written in 1513 by Niccolo Machiavelli. This book contains 26 chapters, focusing on acquiring and maintaining political power. In other words, it could be seen as the â€Å"do’s and don’ts† of the political world. In Chapters One through Eleven, the author discusses the different†¦show more content†¦Auxiliaries are just as unreliable and dangerous as the mercenaries, but they are loaned to a ruler from others. The most desirable troops are the natives, the citizens and subjects. Mixed troops are less desirable than fully native troops because they are a mixture of natives and mercenaries or auxiliaries. These descriptions are accompanied by examples to help the reader better understand the roles different types of troops served and how effective each type was for the rulers mentioned. Machiavelli goes on in Chapters Fifteen through Twenty Three to discuss his advice to the reader in the ideal behavior and characteristics of a prince. He mentions that doing good would only lead to the ruin of a prince’s kingdom. He claims that a prince should be stingy and cruel as opposed to generous and merciful. He then, of course, adds in examples of successful rulers who were both moral and immoral alike. A prince should break promises more than he keeps them, according to the author. He also suggests that, while behaving in the aforementioned ways, a prince should do his best to avoid being despised by leaving his subjects’ land and women alone and by undertaking great projects to boost his reputation. As suggested at the beginning of Chapter Nineteen, a prince should not be â€Å"fickle, frivolous, effeminate, cowardly, [or] irresolute,† (70).  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬He should also choose wise, as opposed to flattering, advisors. In the last few chapters, the author refers toShow MoreRelatedHarry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Reveiw1484 Words   |  6 PagesPotter and the Half-Blood Prince, I exited the theater with an excruciating headache, a lingering sense of emptiness and a very strong desire to punch the film’s cinematographer,† (Ewing) which relates to the movie Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince which stars Daniel Radcliffe, Michael Gambon, Jim Broadbent, and directed by David Yates. 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What Are Cultural Factors That Promote Caribbean Integration

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Android Mobile os Vs Desktop os Free Essays

Mobile os Vs Desktop os Android was designed from the ground up as an operating system (OS) for mobile devices. Its built-in application and memory-management systems were engineered with battery life as one of the most critical concerns. The Android OS does not work like a desktop operating system. We will write a custom essay sample on Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os or any similar topic only for you Order Now On a desktop OS, like Windows, Mac OS X, or Ubuntu Linux, the user is responsible for closing programs in order to keep a reasonable amount of memory available. On Android, this is not the case. The OS itself automatically removes programs from memory as memory is needed. The OS may also preload applications into memory which it thinks might soon be needed. Under the Hood of Google Android The easiest way I can think of to visualize Android’s structure is by imagining a house with five rooms The house represents Android in general. The rooms inside, however, represent the five key features in Android’s structure: * Applications * The Application Framework * Libraries * Android  Runtime * Linux Kernel. Now, imagine that each of these rooms hold a certain number of people. Each person represents an element of that room. Different rooms hold different amounts of people. Applications This first room is a doozy. It’s â€Å"people† represent all the applications that you have in Android. Games, SMS a calendar, maps, a browser, and your contacts. All applications are written in Java ,so you can add or take away as many of these as you like. The Application Framework As a developer, you’ll have full acces to the APIs used by the core apps. Android is designed so that any application can publish its capabilities. In turn, any  other  application can use those capabilities, as well. It has some security constraints, as is expected, but still. That’s pretty awesome. Along with all that, you get a Content Provider (which allows apps to share information), a Resource Manager (to help you with graphics, layout files, etc), a Notification Manager (which gives you those annoying status beeps and such), and an Acticity Manager (which manages the life cycle of your apps). All in all, when it comes to creating applications quickly and easily, Android has you covered. We’ll cover how to write an application in another article. So, you could say that the ‘people’ in this room are the managers and providers and etc. Believe me, there are a LOT. Libraries Android has a set of core libraries off of which the applications run. As always, developers can directly access these. Some of the core libraries include FreeType, SQLite, LibWebCore, and SGL. Android Runtime You could say that the ‘Android runtime’ room is pretty exclusive– it only has two people: the Dalvik Virtual Machine and the core libraries (am I getting on your nerves with this ‘people’ thing yet? ). In Google Android, there’s a tool called ‘DX’. What this does is it executes files in ‘. dex’ format, which are specially for the Dalvik Virtual Machine. This format is also created for minimal memory footprints, which makes it ideal for cell phones. The Dalvik Virtual Machine is written so it can run multiple prcesses quickly and smoothly. It relies on the Linux Kernel to do its magic. We’ll talk about that right after this. Linux Kernel Lastly, we have the Linux Kernel. This little room contains the Keypad, WiFi, Camera, and etc. drivers. The Linux Kernel holds all of Android’s internal structure together. It uses Linux 2. 6, and also acts like an abstraction layer between the hardware and the software. 6 FILE SYSTEM . 1 Storage media: NAND Android uses the YAFFS flash file system, the first NAND optimized Linux flash file system. For mobile devices, hard disks are too large in size, too fragile and consume too much power to be useful. In contrast, flash memory provides fast read access time and better kinetic shock resistance than hard disks. There are fundamentally two different types of flash memory based on their c onstruction technique: NOR and NAND. NOR is low density, offers slow writes and fast reads. NAND is low cost, high density and offers fast writes and slow reads. Embedded systems are increasingly using NAND flash for storage and NOR for code and execution. Limitations Important limitations of NAND memory include block erasure and memory wear. Block erasure means that when erasing any memory the whole block must be erased. NAND can be randomly accessed on a page basis during programming, but cannot offer arbitrary random access rewrite or erase during normal operation. To overcome this limitation, memory segments are marked to be removed or â€Å"dirty†. When the entire block is dirty, then it can be erased. Memory wear means that there are a limited number of erase-write cycles in the flash memory and at the end of its lifetime the data integrity of storage will deteriorate. Wear levelling techniques are used to uniformly use whole sections and to optimize the total lifetime of the device. Bad block management (BBM) is also used to perform write verification and remapping to spare sectors in case of write failure. 6. 2 File system for NAND: YAFFS YAFFS (Yet Another Flash File System) was developed by Toby Churchill Ltd (TCL) as a reliable filing system with fast boot time for their flash memory devices. They initially tried to modify existing flash file systems such as JFFS (used mainly for NOR) to add NAND support, but it turned out that the slow boot time and RAM consumption of existing flash file systems was unacceptable. This led them to develop a different flash file system especially for NAND according to its features and limitations to optimize performance and ensure robustness. Upon completion YAFFS performed better than existing flash file systems and can still be used with NOR, even though it is was specifically designed for NAND. YAFFS is the first flash file system specifically designed for NAND flash. YAFFS includes the following features: †¢ Journaling: a log-structured file system, which makes it robust to possible power failures. Note that YAFFS requires some RAM to maintain the data structure for its log. †¢ Garbage collection: highly optimized and predictable garbage collection strategies that makes it high performance and deterministic under hard writing. Collection is executed when free space becomes low. †¢ Lower memory requirement: it has a lower memory footprint than most other logstructured flash file systems, so it is more scalable. Flexibility: it uses a more general definition of NAND flash, is highly configurable and can be customized to work with various flash devices, different geometries, different error correction options, caching options, etc. †¢ Portability: although YAFFS was originally designed for use with Linux, its modular design make it easy and portable to many operating systems. The file-system-specific code was kept separate from t he main YAFFS file system code. The YAFFS Direct Interface (YDI) can hook up to other filesystems by applying a wrapper layer. Robustness: it is well tested and has been used in many products. Bad block handling and error correction mitigate the limitations of flash memory. We can conceptually treat YAFFS as an improved version of flash file system with following improvements: 1. YAFFS uses less run-time RAM. 2. YAFFS garbage collection is simpler and faster. 3. YAFFS uses a whole page per file for headers and provides no compression. 4. YAFFS can be used on NOR but, will not perform very well. Therefore, partition size can be a guideline to choose between YAFFS and JFFS. For smaller partition sizes JFFS is better suited whereas for larger sizes YAFFS performs better. KERNAL MODIFICATIONS Android is based on the Linux, but does not use a standard Linux kernel. The kernel enhancements of Android include alarm driver, ashmem (Android shared memory driver), binder driver(Inter-Process Communication Interface), power management, low memory killer, kernel debugger and logger. All these kernel enhancements have been contributed back to the open source community under the GNU Public License (GPL) [8]. Here we list a summary of the most substantial components : alarm driver: provides timers to wake devices up from sleep * ashmem: allows applications to share memory and manages the sharing in kernel levels. * binder driver: facilitates inter-process communication since data can be shared by multiple applications through the use of shared memory. A service registered as an IPC service do not have to worry about different threads because binder will handle, moni tor and manage them. Binder also takes care of synchronization between processes. * Power management: built on the top on standard Linux Power Management (PM) and take a more aggressive policy to manage and save power. Android is hailed as â€Å"the first complete, open, and free mobile platform. † Complete: The designers took a comprehensive approach when they developed the Android platform. They began with a secure operating system and built a robust software framework on top that allows for rich application development opportunities. Open: The Android platform is provided through open source licensing. Developers have unprecedented access to the handset features when developing applications. Free: Android applications are free to develop. There are no licensing or royalty fees to develop on the platform. No required membership fees. No required testing fees. No required signing or certification fees. Android applications can be distributed and commercialized in a variety of ways. Android instead has its own Linux power extension, Power Manager instead. The core power driver (Shown at the bottom of Figure 3 as â€Å"Power†) was added to the Linux kernel in order to facilitate this functionality. This module provides low level drivers in order to control the peripherals supported by the Power Manager. These peripherals currently include: screen display and backlight, keyboard backlight and button backlight. Each peripheral’s power is controlled through the use of Wake Locks. These locks are requested through the API whenever an application requires one of the managed peripherals to remain powered on (Each lock setting shown in Table 1). If no wake lock exists which â€Å"locks† the device, then it is powered off to conserve battery life. In the case of multiple power settings the transition is managed through the use of delays based on system activity. A sample of this behaviour is shown in Figure 4 for the screen backlight. In addition to Wake Locks the Power. How to cite Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os, Papers